A cultivation method for efficient production of two seasons of sweet potato in a year in the Huang-Huai-Hai region includes following steps: selecting a fresh-eating sweet potato variety which is disease-resistant, stress-resistant, suitable for mechanical production and early mature, discharging seeds for seedling culture, and paving an electric heating wire of 15-20cm below a seedling culture land seedling bed soil layer during seed discharging; selecting a sandy parcel, adjusting potato seedling planting time and density and fertilizing type and consumption, and shortening growing period of the sweet potato. Variety, seed discharging, planting soil selection, fertilizing and planting are adjusted, planting period of the sweet potato is shortened, the sweet potato cultivated by the method is bright in skin color, good in cooked taste and high in commercial performance, profit space of the sweet potato is expanded, and the problem that growers have high yield without high income is solved; by the method, the two seasons of the sweet potato can be planted in a year, multiple cropping index and unit area productivity of land are improved, economic benefit of farmers in sweet potatoplanting is increased, and coordination and unification of high yield, high quality and efficient production of the fresh-eating sweet potato are realized.