48 results about "Bridging oxygen" patented technology

A method of making optical fibers that includes controlled cooling to produce fibers having a low concentration of non-bridging oxygen defects and low sensitivity to hydrogen. The method may include heating a fiber preform above its softening point, drawing a fiber from the heated preform and passing the fiber through two treatment stages. The fiber may enter the first treatment stage at a temperature between 1500° C. and 1700° C., may exit the first treatment stage at a temperature between 1200° C. and 1400° C., and may experience a cooling rate less than 5000° C./s in the first treatment stage. The fiber may enter the second treatment stage downstream from the first treatment stage at a temperature between 1200° C. and 1400° C., may exit the second treatment stage at a temperature between 1000° C. and 1150° C., and may experience a cooling rate between 5000° C./s and 12,000° C./s in the second treatment stage. The method may also include redirecting the fiber with a fluid bearing device or an air-turn device.

A resonant nanosensor apparatus associated with a functionalized monolayer for detecting carbon dioxide and a method of forming the same. A wafer including a sensing vibrating beam and a reference vibrating beam may be functionalized with a functional group in order to form a sensing self monolayer. The sensing self assembled monolayer may be configured by bridging oxygen or carbon atoms covalently bonded with respect to the vibrating beams. A liquid solution of hydrochloric acid may then be applied to the sensing self assembled monolayer at the surface of the reference beam by a direct printing process to obtain a reference monolayer. The liquid solution of HCl transforms the functional groups responsible for the carbon dioxide detection into protonated groups, which do not react with carbon dioxide, but possess visco-elastic properties similar to that of the sensing monolayer.

The invention provides a metal oxyhydroxide catalyst, an electrode, preparation methods of the catalyst and the electrode and an electrochemical electrolysis unit. In addition to oxygen and hydrogen, the metal oxyhydroxide further comprises two or more than two 3d transition metal elements and at least one regulator element, wherein the atoms of the 3d transition metal elements and atoms of the regulator elements are distributed in a common oxyhydroxide skeleton, and are connected onto the atoms of the regulator elements through bridging oxygen or bridging hydroxyl, and homogeneous phase distribution is realized on the atomic level; and moreover, according to the interaction among the adjacent 3d transition metal atoms and the interaction between the adjacent 3d transition metal atoms and the regulator element atoms, the adsorption energy of an intermediate in an oxygen evolution reaction can be regulated. The metal oxyhydroxide catalyst is different from a mixed metal oxide catalyst crystallized in the prior art, so that the efficiency of carrying out the oxygen evolution reaction through electrolytic water can be improved. Meanwhile, the 3d transition metal atoms have rich reserves on the earth, so that the catalytic cost can be reduced.

In a single mode optical fiber formed of a silica-based glass and including a glass part having a central core and a cladding region, the density of non bridging oxygen hole center in the glass part is not higher than 1.0×10¹⁴ spins/g in terms of the spin density measured by an electron spin resonance method.

The invention relates to a mixed-valence hexavanadate alkoxyl derivative and a preparation method thereof and belongs to the technical field of organic-inorganic hybrid materials. According to the structure of the alkoxyl derivative, three bridging oxygen atoms arranged to form a planar triangle on a Linqivist hexavanadate framework are substituted by three hydroxyl oxygens of a tri-hydroxymethyl compound molecule, three tri-hydroxymethyl compounds are adjacently distributed on the hexavanadate framework, and all vanadium is tetravalent vanadium or tetravalent and pentavalent vanadium distributed in a mixed mode. The tri-hydroxymethyl compounds are tri-hydroxymethyl aminomethane, pentaerythritol, trimethylolethane or trimethylolpropane. The tri-substituted hexavanadate alkoxyl derivative and a post-modification product thereof possibly have unique magnetism, catalytic activity and other properties. The properties make them have unique advantages on the aspect of the organic-inorganic hybrid materials rich in construction structure and property.

A low CTE boro-aluminosilicate glass having a low brittleness for use in wafer-level-packaging (WLP) applications is disclosed. The glass comprises a composition in mol-% of SiO₂: 60-85, Al₂O₃: 1-17, B₂O₃: 8-20, Na₂O: 0-5, K₂O: 0-5, MgO: 0-10, CaO: 0-10, SrO: 0-10, and BaO: 0-10. An average number of non-bridging oxygen per polyhedron (NBO) is equal to or larger than −0.2 and a ratio B₂O₃/Al₂O₃ is equal to or larger than 0.5. The NBO is defined as NBO=2×O_mol/(Si_mol+Al_mol+B_mol)−4. A glass carrier wafer made from the low CTE boro-aluminosilicate glass and a use thereof as a glass carrier wafer for the processing of a silicon substrate are also disclosed, as well as a method for providing a low CTE boro-aluminosilicate glass.

The invention discloses a zinc extracting method from rich oxygen smoke of lead smelting furnace, which is characterized by the following: reducing PbO and ZnO at elementary metal pattern; supplementing air from vent on the furnace; oxidizing the zinc suboxide; bridging oxygen or rich oxygen pipe in the smoke furnace with oxygen density to 22-30%; improving coal ash quantity by 15-32%; discharging slag after reaching the blowing terminal; shortening time by 10-40 min.

The present invention discloses a kind of self-focusing lens glass and its production process and ion exchanging furnace. The glass consists of SiO2 30-45 wt%, K2O 0-6 wt%, Na2O 5-12 wt%, ZnO 6-12 wt%, Tl2O 32-46 wt%, B2O3 2-10 wt%, and Nb2O 50-5 wt%, and has SiO2+B2O3 in 50-59 mol%, B2O3 or SiO2+B2O3 in 5-8 mol%, and average bridge oxygen number Y in the oxygen polyhedron of 3. The self-focusing lens glass producing process includes the following steps: preparing glass material, smelting, pouring, annealing, cold optical processing, grinding and polishing to form glass rod, drawing wire, ion exchanging, cold optical processing and filming. The ion exchanging furnace for the production is provided with three thermocouples with Kelvin scales inside the furnace, one acid-proof stainless steel inner container, three thermocouples in the furnace wall and one armored thermocouple.

A silicate glass that is tough and scratch resistant. The toughness is increased by minimizing the number of non-bridging oxygen atoms in the glass. In one embodiment, the silicate glass is an aluminoborosilicate glass in which -15 mol%= (R2O + R'O - Al2O3 - ZrO2) - B2O3 = 4 mol%, where R is one of Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs, and R is one of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.

A low CTE glass with a high UV-transmittance and high solarization resistance, a glass carrier wafer made of the low CTE glass and the use of such a glass carrier wafer. The glass comprises an alkaline metal oxide free composition of 50-75 mol%SiO2, 3-20 mol%Al2O3, 5-20 mol%B2O3, 0-15 mol%MgO, 0-15 mol%CaO, 0-15 mol%SrO, and 0-15 mol%BaO, where MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO amounts to 3 to 25 mol%and the average number of non-bridging oxygen per polyhedron (NBO) is equal or larger than -0.08 and equal or smaller than-0.38, or comprises an alkaline earth metal oxide free composition of 78-85 mol%SiO2, 0-7 mol%Al2O3, 8-15 mol%B2O3, 0-8 mol%Na2O, and 0-5 mol%K2O, where the NBO is equal or larger than -0.25 and equal or smaller than -0.10. The glass carrier wafer has a high UV-transmittance at a wavelength of 248 nm and/or 308 nm, good solarization resistance, a long recycling lifetime and reduced processing cost.

A chemically toughenable or toughened glass has, before chemical toughening, a thickness t of at most 1100 μm. The glass comprises the following components: 45-75 mol-% SiO₂; 10-25 mol-% Al₂O₃; >1-11 mol-% Li₂O; 0-15 mol-% P₂O₅; 0-8 mol-% B₂O₃; and 0-5 mol-% TiO₂. The average number of bridging oxygen per polyhedron (BO) calculated as 2*4−2*(c_mol(O)/(c_mol(Si)+c_mol(Al)+c_mol(B)+c_mol(P)+c_mol(Ti))) is higher than 3.55. Upon chemical toughening, the linear dimension variation in the unit of percentage (V₁) is so low that the overall geometry variation (OGV) calculated as (DoL/t)/V₁ is higher than 0.8. DoL is the total depth of all ion-exchange layers on one side of the glass and DoL is more than 1 μm, when the glass is chemically toughened with NaNO₃ only, KNO₃ only or with both KNO₃ and NaNO₃.

The invention relates to the field of seawater treatment, and discloses a petroleum adsorption degradation material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the material is a silica-carbon nanotube-kapok fiber derivative composite material loaded with titanium dioxide nanowires. The carbon nanotubes are acid oxidation-modified carbon nanotubes, the kapok fiber derivatives are reduced-treated kapok fibers, and the surfaces of the modified carbon nanotubes and the kapok fibers contain plenty of hydroxyl groups. In the process of forming a silica gel by silica, the hydroxyl groups on the surfaces of the modified carbon nanotubes and kapok cellulose also participate in a network structure of the silica gel, so that oxo-bridged oxygen bonds are used for connection between the silica and the carbon nanotubes or between the silica and the kapok fibers, the rigid carbon nanotubes and the kapok fiber bonds are accessed to a network structure of the silica gel, the oil absorption capacity, strength and aging resistance of aerogel can be greatly improved, and the service life of the aerogel is prolonged.

Disclosed is a synthetic silica glass for use with light having a wavelength of 150 to 200 nm, which has an OH group at a concentration of less than 1 ppm, an oxygen-excess type defect at a concentration of 1×10¹⁶ defects/cm³ or less, a hydrogen molecule at a concentration of less than 1×10¹⁷ molecules/cm³, and a non-bridging oxygen radical at a concentration of 1×10¹⁶ radicals/cm³ or less in the state after the synthetic silica glass is irradiated with light of a xenon excimer lamp having an energy density of 10 mW/cm² and 3 kJ/cm² or with light of an F₂ laser by 10⁷ pulses at an energy density of 10 mJ/cm²/pulse. The synthetic silica glass can exhibit excellent resistance to ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 150 to 190 nm when incorporated in a device using ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 150 to 190 nm as a light source.

The invention discloses a phosphoric acid diester and a preparation method thereof, wherein the phosphoric acid diester is cyanogroup boron hydride organic phosphate. The preparation method comprises the following processes: a. nucleoside coupling, b. cyanogroup boron hydride replacement, c. deprotection, d. purification. Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a brand-new phosphoric acid diester- cyanogroup boron hydride organic phosphate, wherein one non- bridging oxygen atom of the phosphoric acid diester group is replaced by cyanogroup boron hydride. Compared with natural DNA, the phosphoric acid diester can stably and well resist nuclease hydrolysis in a wide rang of pH value; meanwhile, based on capryl alcohol partition experiment (namely lipotropism measurement), cyanogroup boron hydride organic phosphate can demonstrate greater membrane permeability than conventional oligonucleotides.

The invention discloses a green-white fluorescent silver quantum cluster-doped fluorphosphate glass based on non-bridging oxygen coordination, which is prepared from the following components in mole percentage: 30 to 55 percent of ZnF2, 25 to 55 percent of P2O5, 5 to 10 percent of SnO2, 5 to 10 percent of In2O3 and 0.1 to 3 percent of Ag, and a two-step high-temperature founding method is adoptedfor preparation. The glass prepared by the invention has broad-spectrum high-performance fluorescence characteristic within the visible light band and good physicochemical stability, and can be produced into a sheet applied to modulate the solar spectrum to increase the energy conversion efficiency of solar cells, or can cooperate with an ultraviolet LED (light-emitting diode) chip to serve as a fluorescence conversion layer applied in white-light LED illumination.

A method of processing an optical fiber of the invention includes: a determination step of determining at least an ambient temperature of conditions of a diffusion treatment that causing an optical fiber to be subjected to an non-oxygen bridging atmosphere; an exposure step of exposing the optical fiber to a gas including an oxygen bridging element that is capable of processing the Non-Bridging Oxygen Hole Centers by being bonded to a non-bridging oxygen in the optical fiber, and causing the oxygen bridging element to infiltrate into the optical fiber; and a diffusion step of subsequently causing the optical fiber to be subjected to the non-oxygen bridging atmosphere in the exposure ambient temperature which is determined by the determination step and at which the optical fiber is subjected to the non-oxygen bridging atmosphere, and thereby diffusing the oxygen bridging element into the optical fiber.

The invention provides novel compounds or the formula II: wherein R₁, R₂, R₃ and R₄ are independently hydrogen of a group that liberates the free amine in vivo, for example —CO-alkyl, preferably —CO—C₁-C₃ alkyl or pivalate; or —COhaloalkyl, preferably —CO—C₁-C₃ haloalkyl, most preferably —CO—C₁-C₃ chloroalkyl; wherein W is: and @ denotes the points of attachment and wherein the ester can be located in either direction; wherein n and m are independently 0-5; wherein one but not both or X and Y can be nitrogen, or X is C-A and/or Y is C—B; wherein A and B are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl optionally substituted with a halogen, an electron donor group such as amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino or hydroxy, or an electron acceptor group such as nitro, cyano. trihaloalkyl or amido, alkoxy or halogen; and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof. Provided that when R₁ to R₄ are hydrogen, both X and Y are C—H, n is 1 and —(CH₂)_n— is attached to the bridging oxygen of the ester group W, then m cannot be 0 or 1.

The invention provides a method for improving the 2microm waveband fluorescence emission of rare earth ion doped germanate glass. A trivalent rare earth metal oxide is utilized to control the ratio ofnon-bridging oxygen to bridging oxygen in the multi-component germanate laser glass to realize controllable adjustment of the degree of freedom of a glass network structure, thus improving the dopingconcentration and dispersibility of rare earth luminescent ions in matrix glass, reducing rare earth luminescent ion clusters, acquiring enhanced 2microm waveband fluorescence emission, ensuring thematrix glass good crystallization resistance and machining performance and low phonon energy, and providing a key matrix material for development of high-gain 2microm waveband active optical fiber.

A polymeric liquid material formed of molecular building blocks of core-shell type architecture, wherein each building block consists of a hyperbranched polysiloxane core and a functional siloxane shell peripherally attached thereto, the material comprising bridging oxygen moieties (Si—O—Si), hydrolysable alkoxy moieties (Si—O—R) and organofunctional moieties (R′—Si—) and (R₁-S1-R₂) and less than 0.5 mass percent hydroxy moieties (Si—OH). The core has a degree of polymerization DP_core in the range of 1.3 to 2.7, the shell is formed of R′-substituted siloxane moieties and has a degree of polymerization DP_shell in the range of 0.3 to 2.5. At least 75 atomic percent of all Si atoms in the core are bonded exclusively to alkoxy or bridging oxygens, the remainder each being bonded to 3 oxygens and 1 carbon. The total Si to free hydrolysable alkoxy molar ratio in the material is 1:1.25 to 1:2.75, and the material has a viscosity in the range of 10-100,000 cP. A method for preparing the polymeric liquid material relies on first forming the hyper-branched polysiloxane core followed by a build-up of the functional siloxane shell. To do so, a reaction scheme based on adding stoichiometric amounts of acetic anhydride in a water-free environment is exploited.