The invention belongs to the field of material preparation and relates to a preparation method of activated carbon fibers with large apertures. In the present invention, the fiber raw material is pretreated by impregnating the catalyst aqueous solution, and then dried, oxidized, carbonized, activated, and washed in sequence to obtain activated carbon fibers with large pores; the feature is that the catalyst is sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid or hydrochloric acid Any two or three of potassium salts, sodium salts, ammonium salts, cobalt salts, nickel salts, and iron salts, the amount of the catalyst is 1-10% by weight of the raw materials; the impregnation time of the catalyst aqueous solution is 5-60 minutes. The surface pore diameter of the prepared fiber is greater than 50 nanometers, and the specific surface area reaches 800-1800m2/g. The material prepared by the method of the present invention is soft and has appropriate strength, and can be used for masks, protective clothing, filter sheets and equipment, etc., and can also be used for virus and chemical protection, as well as industries such as chemical industry, environmental protection, pharmaceuticals, hygiene, and electronics.