The invention relates to a preparation method of a transparent rare earth composite oxide ultraviolet screener. The method is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: processing raw materials comprising a rare earth salt solution and salts of tin and zinc to prepare a mixed solution having a rare earth ion concentration of 0.05-2mol/L and having a rare earth salt mass fraction of 40-80%, adding a dispersant for dissolving, adding a precipitating agent in a dropwise manner, reacting under stirring at 50-90DEG C until the pH value reaches 7-8, carrying out filtration washing, drying at 70-110DEG C for 6-24h for converting to precursor powder, heating the precursor powder to 900DEG C in a 300DEG C temperature gradient manner, and carrying out heat insulation for 30-180min to obtain the transparent rare earth composite oxide ultraviolet screener having an average particle size of below 500nm. The ultraviolet screener has the advantages of transparency, cheapness, high quality, easy industrialized production, strong shielding of ultraviolet ray in a wavelength range of 100-400nm, permeation of visible light in a wavelength range of 400-780nm, high heat stability, high chemical stability, non-toxicity, odorlessness and solvent resistance.