The invention discloses a graphene-doped flame-retardant material and a preparation method thereof. The graphene-doped flame-retardant material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of polyether polyol, 100-130 parts of isocyanate, 30-50 parts of a flame retardant, 0.2-1 part of a catalyst, 5-10 parts of a chain extender, 2-8 parts of graphene filler, 1-5 parts of a stabilizer and 2-5 parts of deionized water. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, drying polyether polyol and isocyanate; S2, uniformly mixing and dispersing polyether polyol, a flame retardant, a catalyst, a chain extender, a graphene filler, a stabilizer and deionized water to obtain a mixture; S3, enabling isocyanate and the mixture to be subjected to a reaction, and preparing a graphene-doped flame retardant material. The flame-retardant material prepared by the invention is excellent in flame-retardant property, relatively good in mechanical property, relatively low in heat conductivity coefficient, relatively high in practical value and worthy of popularization.