The invention provides an environmentally-friendly dust suppressant with a self-luminous function. The dust suppressant comprises, by mass, 0.1-20% of a water-soluble polymer, 0-10% of polyol, 0.01-15% of water-soluble modified plant polysaccharides, 0.01-15% of a dispersing aid, 0.1-30% of a luminous component, 0.01-5% of a preservative, and the balance of water. The environmentally-friendly dustsuppressant with the self-luminous function has the advantages of excellent dust suppression effect, uniformity in color, no pungent smell, small content of water-insoluble substances, no blocky or flocculent precipitate, convenience in production, high luminance and long afterglow time, can be repeatedly excited, and can be used as a roadbed or a wind shield wall warning of a construction site to avoid scratching of vehicles during night operation and improve the night operation safety. The environmentally-friendly dust suppressant has very small corrosivity to steel and harm to plant seeds,and can meet the use requirements of night operation warning of construction sites such as coal mines and the like.