The invention discloses an online water and soil conservation monitoring device and method. The device comprises a main rod, a brazing sensor and a soil moisture sensor, wherein the main rod is equipped with a rainfall sensor, a wind speed sensor, a video monitoring module, a solar module, a wind direction sensor, a humiture sensor, an antenna module and a data acquisition sending circuit module, output ends of the brazing sensor, the soil moisture sensor, the rainfall sensor, the wind speed sensor, the video monitoring module, the solar module, the wind direction sensor and the humiture sensor are connected with the data acquisition sending circuit module, and the data acquisition sending circuit module is connected with the antenna module. The device is advantaged in that the water and soil conservation monitoring work is combined with the modern test technology and the communication technology, water and soil loss influence factor and water and soil loss amount index monitoring apparatuses are integrated and are mounted in the projection field, fixed-time monitoring is carried out, the monitoring result is displayed in the field and is transmitted in a remote mode, and problems of time and effort consuming and large measurement error existing in a traditional monitoring method can be avoided.