The invention discloses a dragon fruit close planting, light supplementing, yield increasing and efficiency increasing method. The method specifically comprises the following steps: step 1, seedling raising: step 1.1, seedling propagation of dragon fruits; step 1.2, seedling culture management; step 2, soil preparation and transplanting: step 2.1, fine soil preparation, sufficient base fertilizer application and cement column erection; step 2.2, dragon fruit transplanting; step 3, field management: step 3.1, scientific fertilization; step 3.2, water management; step 3.3, pruning and shaping; step 3.4, flower thinning and fruit thinning; step 3.5, disease and pest control; step 3.6, professional light supplement; step 4, harvesting. A traditional column (disc) type planting technology is changed, and the yield and quality are improved by increasing the density and conducting scientific management; row-type close planting cultivation is popularized, the row spacing of concrete columns is 2.5 m on the flat ground, the pit spacing is 0.3-0.4 m, a hilly land is formed to be 3.6 m wide, two rows of plants are planted, 1334-1778 plants are planted per mu, the average yield per mu is increased by 2000 kg or above, the increased cost is deducted, and the efficiency per mu is increased by 3000 yuan or above, and therefore, the quality and efficiency improvement of the pitaya industry is promoted.