67results about How to "Reduce thermal gradient" patented technology

A plasma ashing apparatus for removing organic matter from a substrate including a low k dielectric, comprising a first gas source; a plasma generating component in fluid communication with the first gas source; a process chamber in fluid communication with the plasma generating component; an exhaust conduit in fluid communication with the process chamber; wherein the exhaust conduit comprises an inlet for a second gas source and an afterburner assembly coupled to the exhaust conduit, wherein the inlet is disposed intermediate to the process chamber and an afterburner assembly, and wherein the afterburner assembly comprises means for generating a plasma within the exhaust conduit with or without introduction of a gas from the second gas source; and an optical emission spectroscopy device coupled to the exhaust conduit comprising collection optics focused within a plasma discharge region of the afterburner assembly. An endpoint detection process for an oxygen free and nitrogen free plasma process comprises monitoring an optical emission signal of an afterburner excited species in an exhaust conduit of the plasma asher apparatus. The process and apparatus can be used with carbon and/or hydrogen containing low k dielectric materials.

Impeller for turbine engine which includes a disk provided with blade retention teeth, wherein associated with each tooth there are means for channelling a flow of cooling air which covers the crest of said tooth so that the latter is swept by the air flow.

Turbine of turbine engine which includes an impeller of this type.

Turbine engine for aircraft which includes a turbine of this type.

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system included high thermal conductivity materials such as copper to increase thermal energy transfer by thermal conduction. The copper is protected from oxidation by nickel electroplating and protected from thermal damage by providing Hastelloy liners inside combustion chambers. Monel elements are used in the incoming air conduits to prevent cathode poisoning.

A resonator assembly comprising a semiconductor substrate, a resonator gyroscope, the resonator gyroscope including a first resonator formed in a layer of a first material, and an oscillator on the semiconductor substrate, the oscillator including a second resonator formed of a second material, wherein the second resonator is attached in a cavity; the cavity comprising a first recess in said layer of a first material and the edges of the first recess being attached to the substrate, or the cavity comprising a second recess in said substrate and the edges of the second recess being attached to said layer of a first material.

A solar power tower solar receiver absorber including: an enclosure; at least one panel configured to be illuminated by solar flux; a core made of at least one material with heat conductivity at least partially encompassed by the enclosure; and a plurality of tubes passing through the core and extending substantially in a parallel direction with respect to the panel configured to be illuminated. The tube is configured for circulation of a fluid to be heated, for example a gas for operating a gas turbine.

The invention provides a method for preventing a selective laser melting nickel-based superalloy from cracking, and belongs to the field of additive manufacturing. According to the method, a workpiecewhich is high in density, free of crack defects and excellent in mechanical property is prepared by reducing low-melting-point phase forming elements Zr and B in the nickel-based superalloy and adjusting the total content of Al and Ti in the alloy to be smaller than or equal to 4.5wt% in combination with special selective laser melting (SLM) process parameter control. Through the method, component design is reasonable, the preparation process is simple, and the obtained workpiece has excellent properties and is convenient to apply on a large scale.

A cooling system for a turbine airfoil of a turbine engine having an inflow mid-chord feed channel and a trailing edge feed channel that are separated by an equalizer rib having a plurality of supply holes. The supply holes enable cooling fluids to be supplied to the trailing edge from the mid-chord feed channel to satisfy the cooling requirements of the entire trailing edge, which is greater than the mid-chord region. A crossover hole may be positioned in the equalizer rib at the tip section to enable the cooling fluids to pass between the mid-chord feed channel and a trailing edge feed channel. The crossover hole may enable cooling fluids to pass from the trailing edge feed channel into the mid-chord feed channel along the tip section to reduce stagnation in the outboard turn of the mid-chord serpentine channel.

Gyroscopes and pendulous gyroscopic accelerometers with adjustable scale factor are accomplished through control of the net angular momentum of a gyroscopic element such as a rotating or oscillating wheel or other mass. The sensitivity of a gravity gradiometer can be enhanced through use of such instruments, allowing the development of man-portable gravity gradiometers.

A liquid leading pump beam method and device belongs to field of optics and laser photoelectron technique. It includes pumping light source, optical coupling device, liquid leading device and fiber. Thereinto: the optical coupling device receives the pumping light omitted by the pumping light source; liquid nozzle, the pumping beam coupled by the optical coupling device is coupled with liquid column spurted by the liquid nozzle; the central line of cooling fluid collector is aimed at the central line of the liquid nozzle; return flexible hose and liquid-in end are connected with the cooling fluid collector; radiator and circlulating pump are in series, the liquid-in port of the radiator and the liquid-out port of the return flexible hose are connected, the output end of the circlulating pump is connected with the lower end of the liquid nozzle; the liquid nozzle, the cooling fluid collector, the return flexible hose, the radiator and the circlulating pump are in series to form a liquid leading device. The invention resolves the high power pumping problem in solid laser and fiber laser, and the output power of laser can be increased, stability and reliability of laser system can be guaranteed.

A cooling system for a turbine airfoil of a turbine engine having a perimeter cooling channel formed from a portion of a serpentine cooling channel, an airfoil tip cooling channel, and a leading edge cooling channel. The cooling system also includes cooling channels enabling cooling fluids to be discharged into the root of the airfoil to cool rim cavities and purge air therein. The cooling system may be configured such that the cooling fluids may pass into a mid-chord serpentine cooling channel, flow through the serpentine cooling channel generally in a chordwise direction from the leading edge toward the trailing edge, flow toward the tip section and along the trailing edge, flow from the trailing edge toward the leading edge in the airfoil tip cooling channel, flow along the leading edge in the leading edge cooling channel, through the root of the blade, and be exhausted into a rim cavity.

The invention provides thermal conductive graphite blocks for a blast-furnace bottom and a hearth, belonging to the technical field of carbon refractory. The raw materials of the graphite blocks comprise the following components in parts by weight: 11-15 parts of petroleum coke with grain size of more than 2mm and less than or equal to 4mm, 10-14 parts of petroleum coke with grain size of more than 1mm and less than or equal to 2mm, 53-60 parts of petroleum coke with grain seize of more than 0.075mm and less than or equal to 0.15mm, 34-40 parts of petroleum coke with grain seize of less than or equal to 0.075mm, and 22-25 parts of mesothermal asphalt. In the formula of the thermal conductive graphite blocks for the blast-furnace bottom and the hearth, high-quality needle cokes with higherintensity and easy graphitization are used, a small grain formula is adopted, and a high-pressure multi-soaking and multi-baking method is adopted, so that an impregnant can penetrate through the holes of the graphite blocks, thus reducing the porosity of the graphite blocks, improving the compactness, volume density and intensity of the products, improving the coefficient of heat conductivity and alkali-resistant corrodibility of the graphite blocks greatly, fundamentally solving the problem of low coefficient of heat conductivity of the graphite blocks, and meeting the requirement on quality of the graphite blocks with high thermal conductivity for large blast furnaces.

The present invention provides an optical sensor unit (10) for measuring gas concentration, comprising: sensor means (12, 13) and first thermal insulation means (14, 16) at least partially surrounding said sensor means (12, 13). The sensor means (12,13) includes at least one sensing layer (12) adapted to be irradiated with a predetermined radiation (100), and at least one gas-permeable layer (13) adjacent to one side of the at least one sensing layer (12) and adapted to pass gas, which concentration is to measured, through the gas-permeable layer (13) towards the at least one sensing layer (12). The optical sensor unit (10) is adapted to measure an optical response of the at least one sensing layer (12), which optical response depends on the gas concentration.

The heat capacity laser concept is extended to systems in which the heat capacity lasing media is a liquid. The laser active liquid is circulated from a reservoir (where the bulk of the media and hence waste heat resides) through a channel so configured for both optical pumping of the media for gain and for light amplification from the resulting gain.

Disclosed is a Hall sensor probe that configured to be coupled with one of a plurality of magnetic targets for measuring the thickness of a non-ferromagnetic wall. The probe comprises a magnetic field source, a Hall sensor, a concentrator and a main housing. The novel aspects of the probe include a wear tip that is exchangeably affixed onto the main-housing, leaving a permanent gap from and disjoined from the concentrator in a manner that transfers stress from the tip directly onto the main-housing. To serve every aspects of the primary objective, being it mechanical, thermal and operational, the material of the tip preferably has a fracture toughness higher than 20 MPa·m^1/2, wear coefficient higher than 100, and a magnetic susceptibility lower than 0.001.

A method of constructing a non-imaging beam transformer includes reducing a tailored illumination function from a predetermined light source to a source point response illumination function; calculating a plurality of transformation pairs for the predetermined light source, the transformation pairs identifying the radii of illumination of the light source at given source output angles; determining a desired lighting profile for light output at a region of interest to be illuminated by the beam transformer; determining a surface profile of a surface of the beam transformer such that for given output angles of the light source, the transformation pairs at those output angles are satisfied to correspond to the desired lighting profile; and constructing the beam transformer having the surface profile determined based on the transformation pairs. The method can include characterizing a specific angular output distribution of a light source to calculate the transformation pairs.

A YIG oscillator including a magnetic structure; an oscillator circuit board attached to the magnetic structure and carrying a YIG resonator positioned in an air gap of the magnetic structure; an interface circuit board including terminals for external connections, the interface circuit board supporting the magnetic structure by means of a resilient component attached to the interface circuit board; and a flexible circuit connected at one end to the oscillator circuit board and connected at the other end to the interface circuit board.

A heat dissipation device comprises a radiator comprising a collar, a core received in the collar and a helical heat pipe embedded in a circumferential face of the core. The collar has a receiving hole and a plurality of fins extending radially and outwardly from an outer face of the collar. The core together with the heat pipe is received in the receiving hole of the radiator. The core has a flat bottom face and a top face opposite to the bottom face. The heat pipe is located between the radiator and the core and thermally contacts the collar of the radiator and the core. The heat pipe extends from the bottom face of the core to the top face of the core, and has a flattened bottom face coplanar with the bottom face of the core for contacting with an electronic device.