The invention belongs to the optical measurement field and relates to a solid-state zoom lens-based non-contact laser thickness measuring device and method. The device is composed of a laser, a lightintensity adjustable attenuator, a first collimating lens, a micro lens, a spatial filter, a second collimating lens, a diaphragm, a beam splitting prism, a first aberration correcting lens, a first solid-state zoom lens assembly, a second solid-state zoom lens assembly, a second aberration correcting lens, an object to be tested, a focusing lens, a photoelectric detector, a data transmission line, a signal control, data processing and display module, and a control signal transmission line. The solid-state zoom lens-based non-contact laser thickness measuring device of the invention is simplerand more compact than a conventional zoom lens group; and the solid-state zoom lens-based non-contact laser thickness measuring device of the invention is more stable, has superior performance, and is close to a diffraction limit compared with a liquid lens. According to the solid-state zoom lens-based non-contact laser thickness measuring device and method, the focal length of the solid-state zoom lens can be adjusted through a full-electronically controlled closed-loop, so that the focusing position of an outgoing beam on the object to be tested is changed; the position of the maximum valueof reflected light intensity is recorded through using a laser self-collimation effect; and therefore, the thickness measurement of the object to be measured can be realized, and the object to be measured is not required to be accurately moved or adjusted during a measurement process.