The invention relates to the technical field of pod rotation devices, in particular to a pod rotation hydraulic drive system. The pod rotation hydraulic drive system includes a bi-directional variablepump, a hydraulic motor, a first one-way valve, a second one-way valve, a first overflow valve, a second overflow valve, a third overflow valve, a fourth overflow valve, a two-position four-way solenoid valve, a first hydraulic control one-way valve, a second hydraulic control one-way valve, a two-position two-way solenoid valve, a washing valve, a counterbalance valve, a cooler, and an oil pump.A closed loop design is adopted, energy loss due to an opened loop is avoided, the efficiency is improved, and the stability is enhanced. The first hydraulic control one-way valve and the second hydraulic control one-way valve can achieve self-locking of the hydraulic motor so as to allow the hydraulic motor to be in a stable state as static; and the two-position two-way solenoid valve can achieve free slide rotation of the hydraulic motor, energy can be saved, and the working efficiency is improved.