58 results about "Methanol poisoning" patented technology

The invention relates to an iron, cobalt and nitrogen codoped carbon catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. An iron / cobalt double-metal zeolite imidazate framework material is adopted as a precursor, and the iron, cobalt and nitrogen codoped carbon catalyst is prepared and obtained through high-temperature pyrolysis, wherein the iron / cobalt double-metal zeolite imidazate framework material is prepared by adopting ferrous sulfate, cobalt nitrate and 2-methylimidazole to carry out a self-assembly reaction in a solvent under an oxygen-free environment. The iron, cobalt and nitrogen codoped carbon catalyst prepared in the invention has the advantages that the oxygen reduction catalytic activity, electrochemical stability and methanol poisoning resistance is superior to those of commercial Pt / C, the cost is low, the preparation method is simple and volume production can be realized. The catalyst disclosed by the invention can be widely applied to the fields of fuel batteries, metal-air batteries and the like.

The invention discloses application of a nitrogen-doped porous carbon fixed Co@Pt nano-particle composite material, prepared by taking ZIF-67 as a template, as an efficient catalyst for oxygen reduction catalytic reaction of a cathode of a fuel cell. The application has the superiorities that (1) a synthetic method of the catalyst is simple and feasible, the shape of the catalyst is controllable, batch preparation can be realized, and the catalytic performance is very stable; (2) the oxygen reduction catalytic reaction of nitrogen-doped porous carbon fixed cobalt-platinum core-shell nano-particles in the cathode of the fuel cell shows that the nano-particles have good catalytic activity and excellent methanol poisoning resistance stability, and compared with traditional commercial Pt / C, the nano-particles have relatively high take-off potentials and half-wave-peak potentials (nano-particles: 0.99V and 0.87V, and Pt / C: 0.98V and 0.83V); and (3) metal organic frameworks (MOFs) for preparing the catalyst have sequential microcellular structures and relatively large specific surface areas and can be widely applied to the storage and conversion of energy sources. Therefore, a method for simply and directly preparing cheap and efficient cathode oxygen reduction electro-catalyst is provided for the fuel cell and has a wide application prospect.

The invention provides a preparation method of N-P-codoping porous biomass carbon catalyst. Cheap and easy-to-get biomass chitosan is taken as carbon source and nitrogen source (as nitrogen-containing ligand at the same time), organic phosphorus compound triphenylphosphine is taken as phosphorus-containing ligand, the nitrogen-containing ligand and the phosphorus-containing ligand form a coordination compound together with metal ions in metallic salt solution, ZnCl2 is taken as activating agent, the coordination compound is subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere to form holes, and finally diluted hydrochloric acid is used to remove metals for secondary hole formation, so as to prepare the N-P-codoping porous biomass carbon catalyst with rich micropores and a mesopores structure as well as a high specific surface area. The N-P-codoping porous biomass carbon catalyst is comparable to commercial Pt / C (20%) in catalytic performance in an alkaline environment, has good methanol poisoning resistance and stability, and can regulate components and performance of catalyst in molecular level. The N-P-codoping porous biomass carbon catalyst disclosed by the invention is expected to replace cathode oxygen reduction catalyst of the commercial Pt / C, and has a very good industrial application prospect.

The invention provides a preparation method and application of a graphene-supported non-noble metal electrocatalyst. The method comprises the following concrete steps: under a heating condition, mixing a nitrogen-containing ligand with a metal salt to form a complex; depositing the complex on a graphene supporter through cooling; adding a reducing agent to reduce oxidized graphene; and carrying out washing, drying, heat treatment and pickling so as to obtain the graphene-supported non-noble metal electrocatalyst. The graphene-supported non-noble metal electrocatalyst prepared in the invention is such structured that particles with a size of 2 to 200 nm supports or coats reduced oxidized graphene. Under an alkaline condition, the onset potential of the non-noble metal electrocatalyst in an oxygen reduction reaction is positively shifted by 35 mV compared with that of a 20 wt% commercial platinum / carbon electrocatalyst, and durability and methanol poisoning resistance of the non-noble metal electrocatalyst are better than those of the 20 wt% commercial platinum / carbon electrocatalyst. The graphene-supported non-noble metal electrocatalyst can be applied to proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

The invention discloses preparation of a metal organic framework compound-loaded nitrogen functionalized carbon material. The preparation comprises the following steps of mixing polypyrrole and a metal organic framework compound by a physical stirring method in an organic solvent, and carbonizing in the nitrogen atmosphere at high temperature. The preparation has the advantages that the prepared carbon material sample is carbon nanotube-loaded flaky carbide, the diameter of a nanotube is about 70nm, and the loading amount of metal organic framework compound is 10%-70%; after proofing by an oxide reduction property test, when the nitrogen functionalized carbon material is used as a catalyst, the oxygen reduction property in the alkaline environment is better than the oxygen reduction property of commercial Pt / C; the methanol poisoning-resistant capacity is good, and the reduction capacity is not obviously reduced after circulating for 10000 cycles; the preparation process of the catalyst is simple; any noble metal is not used, so that the catalyst is a cathode oxygen reduction catalyst which may replace the commercial Pt / C in future, and the industrial application prospect is good.

The invention discloses a cobalt-based transition metal oxygen reduction catalyst, a preparation method and application thereof. The method including the steps of: adding a cobalt salt and a nitrogen-containing organic ligand into ethanol respectively and letting the two substances fully react to form a cobalt complex solution; adding a carbon material into the solution, and carrying out reflux reaction in oil bath to make the cobalt complex uniformly adsorbed on the carbon material surface; removing ethanol by evaporation, and grinding the remaining material uniformly to obtain black powder; and conducting heat treatment on the black powder in an inert gas atmosphere for 0.5-3h at 600-900DEG C, thus obtaining the cobalt-based transition metal oxygen reduction catalyst. The catalyst abandons the noble metal platinum, effectively reduces the making cost of fuel cells, and has very high oxygen catalytic activity, high catalytic stability and good methanol poisoning resistance, is easy to realize mass production, and can be widely used in fuel cells.

The invention relates to a catalyst, in particular to phosphorus-doped graphene oxygen reduction electro-catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. The phosphorus-doped graphene oxygen reduction electro-catalyst contains oxidized graphene substrate and active phosphorus doped or attached to the surface and inside of the oxidized graphene substrate. The preparation method includes the steps of 1, preparing the oxidized graphene; 2, mixing the oxidized graphene with phosphorus-bearing precursor; 3, drying; 4, performing pyrolysis. The phosphorus-doped graphene oxygen reduction electro-catalyst is good oxygen reduction electro-catalyst, is high in catalytic activity and resistant to methanol poisoning and carbon monoxide poisoning, good in stability and capable of serving as electro-catalyst for fuel cells and metal-air cells and serving as electrode active material for electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices such as lithium ion cells, sodium ion cells, lithium-sulfur cells and supercapacitors, and is also applicable to the fields such as electrochemistry / biosensors.

The invention provides a preparation method of a transitional metal / nitrogen co-doped hollow carbon nano material and an application method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a cathodic oxygen reduction reaction catalyst for a fuel battery by taking a surfactant as a soft template; first, synthesizing a hollow polymer precursor by means of self assembly of thetemplate in a hydrothermal process and strong interaction between the template and a carbon source precursor; then doping transitional metals and heteroatoms through an oil bath and full grinding; and finally, putting the reactant in a program control tubular furnace, carrying out carbonizing at a high temperature in an inert atmosphere at 600-900 DEG C to obtain the transitional metal / nitrogen co-doped hollow carbon nano material. The transitional metal / nitrogen co-doped hollow carbon nano material prepared by the method has a relatively high specific surface area, good conductivity and sufficient active site and shows excellent electrocatalytic activity, good stability and methanol poisoning resistance to oxygen reduction reaction. The preparation method is low in cost and simple in process, has certain universality, and has certain guiding meaning in synthesizing the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction catalyst for the fuel battery.

The invention relates to metal and nitrogen codoped ultrathin carbon nanosheet catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. Freeze drying is carried out on mixture of meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin metal and soluble potassium salt by taking ice as a template. High temperature carbonization is carried out. Washing is carried out to remove potassium chloride, thereby obtaining an ultrathin nanosheet structure. Heat treatment is carried out under an atmosphere of ammonia gas, thereby obtaining the metal and nitrogen codoped ultrathin carbon nanosheet catalyst. Thickness of the catalyst is 3.5-10 nm. A specific surface area reaches 700 m<2>g<-1>. The catalyst has abundant micropores and mesoporous structures. Meta and nitrogen elements are uniformly distributed in a carbonnetwork. The catalyst has excellent oxygen reduction electrocatalytic activity, stability and methanol poisoning resistance and can be widely applied to fields such as a fuel cell and a metal-air cell. The method is simple and controllable. A preparation process is environment-friendly.

The invention relates to a non-noble metal doped carbon felt, and an application in catalyzing oxygen reduction, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cells. Specifically, the invention provides a non-noble metal doped carbon felt with a three dimensional conductive structure prepared by methods of in-situ polymerization and non-noble metal coordination pyrolysis. The carbon felt can be used for electrochemically catalyzing the oxygen reduction. The non-noble metal doped carbon felt material takes a common carbon felt material as a skeleton, forms a polymer film on the carbon felt surface by in-situ polymerization of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring molecules, then absorbs cobalt atoms by a coordination effect and finally form a cobalt and nitrogen doped carbonized layer on the carbon felt surface. The carbon felt material is prepared by the invention. The non-noble metal doped carbon felt has similar capacity for catalyzing the oxygen reduction with that of a commercialized platinum catalyst, and has very good stability and methanol poisoning resistance.

The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out self-assembly on a macromolecular template agent and a carbon source precursor in a hydrothermal process to synthesize a hollow polymer sphere; then, providing a simple and convenient double-solvent impregnation method for successfully loading PdCl4<2-> on the hollow polymer sphere; and finally, placing the reactant in a programmable atmosphere tube furnace for high-temperature carbonization at 500-900 DEG C to obtain a low-load Pd / hollow carbon sphere oxygen reduction electrocatalyst (Pd-HCS), which can serve as an efficient ORR electrocatalyst in an alkaline environment. The low-load Pd-HCS oxygen reduction electrocatalyst obtained by the method has a relatively high specific surface area, good conductivity and enough active sites, and shows relatively excellent oxygen reduction electrocatalytic performance, good stability and excellent methanol poisoning resistance activity. The preparation method is simple in process and low in cost, has certain universality, and has certain guiding significance for designing and developing a novel fuel cell cathode oxygen reduction electrocatalyst.

The invention provides a preparation method for Fe-N-C mesoporous carbon material. The preparation method includes the following steps that tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, a templating agent and an iron source are mixed and thoroughly milled so that the mixture is distributed and evenly mixed. Then the mixture is heated at a temperature of 100-200 DEG C, the product resulted from heating is left at a high temperature of 700-950 DEG C with heating, and the heating time is 2-4 hours; finally, the material obtained by the high temperature treatment is placed in H2SO4 solution for an acidification treatment, washed with deionized water several times, and dried. According to the preparation method, the highly efficient catalyst -Fe-N-C for oxidation-reduction is synthesized successfully by means of the inexpensive precursor. The appropriate temperature for high-temperature heating is determined through comparison and optimization of preparation process. The prepared catalyst has many advantages, such as high electron transfer number, low hydrogen peroxide production, great current density and good ability to resist methanol poisoning.

The invention discloses an anti-poisoning Pt-based nano-catalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof. An ultrathin h-BN shell structure is formed on the surface of a carbon-supported Ptand Pt-based alloy nano-catalyst by utilizing a surface coating method to obtain a core-shell nano-structure of Pt@h-BN / C and PtTM@h-BN / C(TM is a transition metal, such as Ru, Sn, Au and Fe). The catalyst serves as an H2-O2 proton exchange membrane fuel cell anode catalyst which can remarkably inhibit the CO poisoning effect on a Pt-based catalyst; the catalyst can also be used in a direct methanol fuel cell and can show resistance to methanol poisoning.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a plant polyphenol modified manganese-based nano composite electrocatalyst with a supramolecular network framework structure. The active substance of the nano material is ZIF-8@ TA-Mn. The problems of the existing fuel cell catalyst are solved, and the defects of the prior art are overcome. The fuel cell catalyst at present generally faces the problems of single precursor obstacle and low synthesis cost and the defects of high cost, toxicity and the like of a Pt-based catalytic material. On the basis of the unique structure of ZIF-8, the metal organic framework nano composite material for the proton membrane fuel cell is developed, and the metal organic framework nano composite material has the advantages of being high in initial potential and half-slope potential, excellent in limiting current, excellent in stability, good in methanol tolerance, high in methanol poisoning resistance and the like.

Belonging to preparation methods of fuel cell cathode materials, the invention discloses a preparation method of a metal-free oxygen reduction catalyst. According to the invention, negatively charged graphene oxide and positively charged PDDA are assembled into a multilayer film by electrostatic adsorption and alternating deposition, and in a phosphoric acid buffer solution of saturated nitrogen, the multilayer film converts the graphene oxide into an electro-reduction graphene oxide through electrochemical reduction. Because of the synergistic effect between the PDDA and the electro-reduction graphene oxide, the obtained multilayer film has very good catalytic activity on oxygen and excellent methanol poisoning resistance. Compared with existing preparation methods, the preparation process involved in the invention has the characteristics of no need of high-temperature equipment, simple operation and small energy consumption, and can strictly control the film thickness.

The invention discloses a preparation method of nitrogen-phosphorus doped porous carbon for oxygen reduction electrocatalysis in a wide pH range, which comprises the following steps: by using a natural mineral-based carbon source as a raw material, synthesizing in two paths by using a nitrogen-phosphorus sequential doping method. The method is high in cost benefit, and the preparation method is sustainable and can be used for large-scale production; and the variable-frequency ultrasonic mixing method ensures relatively high performance. The prepared nitrogen and phosphorus doped porous carbonhas dispersed sheet morphology, rich edges and defects, large specific surface area and pore volume, sufficient micropores and mesopores and a proper amount of doped nitrogen and doped phosphorus, shows good electrochemical catalytic performance in alkaline electrolyte, acidic electrolyte and neutral electrolyte as an oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst, has good micromolecule and methanol poisoning resistance, and has good application potential in alkaline fuel cells / metal-air cells, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (acidic electrolytes) and biofuel cells (neutral electrolytes).

The invention discloses three-dimensional cellular graphene-like non-metal catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps of fully mixing bean dregs, sodium nitrate, first chlorine salt and second chlorine salt; then performing carbonization treatment under inert gas protection; finally washing to a neutral state through H2O and drying; then soaking in acid for 12 to 24h, washing to a neutral state and drying again to obtain the three-dimensional cellular graphene-like non-metal catalyst. The three-dimensional cellular graphene-like non-metal catalyst prepared by the method has high activity, large specific surface area and large total hole volume, shows good oxygen reduction performance and higher resistance to methanol poisoning in alkaline solution, and accordingly can be used as cathode oxygen reduction catalyst of a fuel cell.

The invention discloses a metal alloy-carbon nanotube network macroscopic body composite material, a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps providing a carbon nanotube network macroscopic body, wherein the carbon nanotube network macroscopic body contains elemental iron serving as a trace impurity; carrying out activation treatment on the carbon nanotube network macroscopic body; making the activated carbon nanotube network macroscopic body contact a metal precursor solution to enable the elemental iron and the metal precursor to be subjected to a replacement reaction to generate an elemental metal combined with the elemental iron, wherein the elemental metal has oxygen reduction catalytic activity, and then drying treatment is conducted; and finally carrying out transient electric heating to obtain the composite material. According to the invention, the preparation method is low in cost, simple and easy to implement and short in consumed time, the binding force between the carbon nanotube network macroscopic body and the metal alloy nanoparticles in the obtained composite material is high, the catalytic performance is excellent, the stability is high, the methanol poisoning resistance is excellent, and the carbon nanotube network macroscopic body can be directly used as an oxygen electrode for a metal-air battery.

The invention relates to preparation of a supported hollow sphere carbon material and application in electrocatalytic performance. A metal macrocyclic complex is supported by taking a hollow sphere carbon material as a carrier. The preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps of: (1) adding a certain amount of a template agent into ethanol and an alkaline solution, adding dopamine hydrochloride and derivatives thereof, stirring, centrifuging, drying, carrying out high-temperature treatment, carrying out alkaline washing to remove the template, washing with water to neutrality, and drying to obtain a hollow sphere carbon carrier, and (2) dissolving or dispersing the transition metal macrocyclic complex in an organic solvent, mixing with the hollow sphere carbon carrier prepared in the step (1), carrying out ultrasonic treatment, rotary evaporation, high-temperature roasting and acid washing to remove impurities, and washing to neutrality to obtain the supported non-noble metal electrocatalyst. The preparation method has the advantages that the preparation method is simple and easy to control, large-scale application is easy, and the prepared non-noble metal catalyst has very high oxygen reduction catalytic activity, selectivity and methanol poisoning resistance while the cost is reduced, thereby realizing a wide application prospect.

The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods for diagnosis, research, and screening for chemicals in biological fluids (e.g., related to methanol poisoning, ethanol levels, and ethylene glycol poisoning). In particular, the present disclosure relates to point of care systems and methods for detecting formic acid or formate, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and other clinically relevant chemicals in biological fluids.

The invention provides a preparation of a silk-like non-precious-metal nanotube oxygen reduction electrocatalyst, and belongs to the technical field of an electrode catalytic material. A fuel cell cathode catalyst with a high catalytic activity to the oxygen reduction is prepared by serving amino acid as a carbon source and a nitrogen source, serving silicon dioxide as a template and serving chloride of metals Fe, Co and Ni as accelerants, and carrying out temperature programming and thermal cracking under the protection of inert gases, and the used raw materials in the process of preparation are not precious metals, thus the non-precious metallization of the catalyst is realized, the cost of the oxygen reduction electrocatalyst is effectively reduced, and a certain foundation is laid for the industrialization of the fuel cell; and meanwhile, the oxygen reduction electrocatalyst prepared by the invention has good oxygen reduction catalytic activity and stability and has the ability of good methanol poisoning resistance, and therefore, the oxygen reduction electrocatalyst becomes a non-precious metal catalyst which can replace a commercial Pt / C (platinum / carbon) catalyst, and can be used for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathode oxygen reduction electrocatalyst.

The invention provides a preparation method of a ZIF-8 derived AuNC oxygen reduction electrocatalyst, which comprises the following steps of: adding Zn (NO3) 2.6 H2O into methanol to obtain a mixed solution, and marking the mixed solution as A; then adding dimethylimidazole into methanol to obtain a mixed solution, and marking the mixed solution as B; then rapidly adding the solution A into the solution B under violent stirring, and reacting at room temperature; washing and drying in vacuum to obtain a product ZIF8; adding methanol into the product, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion, adding chloroauric acid, stirring, carrying out centrifugal washing, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain Au / Zn ZIF; and dispersing the Au / Zn ZIF into a buffer solution, quickly adding polydopamine, stirring, centrifugally washing, drying in vacuum, and heating and preserving heat in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a product marked as Au-N-C. The half-wave potential of the obtained Au-N-C catalyst is0.8 V under the alkaline condition, and the Au-N-C catalyst has good methanol poisoning resistance and excellent stability and is expected to replace commercial platinum carbon.

The invention discloses a double-MOF connection structure nano composite electrocatalyst for a proton membrane fuel cell, and the double-MOF nano composite electrocatalyst for the proton membrane fuel cell is characterized in that the active substance of the nano material is ZIF-8@ TA / ZIF-67@TA. The problems of an existing fuel cell catalyst are solved, the defects of the prior art are overcome, the problems that an existing fuel cell catalyst generally faces a single precursor and is low in synthesis cost are solved, and the defects that a Pt-based catalytic material is high in cost, toxic and the like are overcome. On the basis of a unique connecting structure of ZIF-8 and ZIF-67, the metal organic framework nano composite material for the proton membrane fuel cell is developed, and has the advantages of high initial potential, half-slope potential, excellent limiting current, excellent stability, good methanol tolerance, relatively strong methanol poisoning resistance and the like.

This invention relates to a process method of negative electrode catalyst used in fuel cell against methanol poisoning, which comprises the following steps: to dissolve the chloroplatinic acid and bismuth chloride into muriatic acid with mol proportion of one to 5; to add PVP with mol proportion of 15 to 1 with the sum of chloroplationic acid and bismuth chloride to get sol by adding sodium borohydride through mixture; to add one gram carbon power to each 10 ml acet and HNO#-[3] solvent and to each 6mol / L HNO#-[3] to get the pre-processed carbon powder; to add the powder into the sol for five to eight hours; then to bacon the sample with low voltage and rotation and to do the washing and vacuum drying.

The invention relates to a preparation method of an amorphous C-N thin film electrocatalyst. The method comprises the following steps of: applying bias voltage on a substrate, depositing an amorphous C-N thin film on a titanium base, wherein the corresponding flow ratio of carbon source air, argon and nitrogen in the reaction process is 25 to 20 to15, and the unit refers to milliliter / per minute at a standard state; performing heat treatment at 700 DEG C on the deposited thin film by using a high-vacuum heat treatment furnace, thus realizing the preparation of the C-N thin film catalyst. The method is simple in preparation, has low cost and can not introduce metal impurities. For the prepared C-N catalyst, the starting potential is -0.02V, the limit current density is 5.46mA / cm<-2>, the specific current can keep 98% in a chronoamperometry test lasting for 18000 seconds, and the methanol poisoning can not be caused. The catalytic activity of the catalyst prepared by the method disclosed by the invention is comparable with that of a Pt / C catalyst, while the stability and the selectivity are better than those of the Pt / C catalyst, the catalyst is a non-noble metal catalyst with an excellent property.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical catalyst materials, and particularly relates to a nitrogen-doped carbon-loaded Mo / Pd alloy catalyst and application. The nitrogen-doped carbon-loaded Mo / Pd alloy catalyst is obtained by dipping molybdate and chloropalladic acid into pores of nano spherical polypyrrole and calcining. The nitrogen-doped carbon-loaded Mo / Pd alloy catalyst provided by the invention shows very high activity, stability and methanol poisoning resistance to oxygen reduction reaction.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a cobalt nitride supported porous carbon catalyst for cathodic oxygen reduction reaction of a fuel cell. The preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps: (1) adding a cobalt source to a catalyst containing aniline, pyrrole and triton X-100 percent of deionized water, and stirring to obtain a uniform mixed liquid; (2) adding a precooled ammonium persulfate aqueous solution (initiator) at 3 DEG C into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) at one time, polymerizing the mixed solution at a low temperature immediately, filtering, washing and drying after the polymerization reaction is completed to obtain a black intermediate product; (3) subjecting the black intermediate product obtained in the step (2) is prepared in anammonia atmosphere to heat treatment at 600 to 800 degree centigrade to obtain a porous carbon catalyst supported on cobalt nitride. Compared with the prior art, the method of the invention is simplein operation, low in cost, high in oxygen reduction reaction activity, good in stability and strong in methanol poisoning resistance, and can be used as a cathode catalyst in a fuel cell.

The invention provides a platinum-bismuth catalyst and a manufacturing method, which belongs to fuel battery material field. The mol rate of Bi and Pt in the catalyst provided by the invention is 1-2:1. The manufacturing method: the Pt powder and the Bi powder are mixed according to mol proportion of 1-2:1, they are cool rolled into block materials under pressure of 10MPa-20MPa; then they are melted for 2-4 times under 800-1000deg.C. The melted block materials are sealed in vacuum, the product can be acquired after quenching for 0-240 hours under 600-700deg.C. The catalyst in the invention has an excellent carbinol toxin resisting performance and oxygen and reducing electric catalyst performance.