The invention discloses a quick heating device for a high-temperature SHPB dynamic impact experiment. The device comprises an upper box, a lower box, a temperature sensor, a heating channel, a guide rail, an electric-thermal conversion device, a hinge, a wire, a temperature measurement hole, a heating tile, heat insulation cotton, a wall, a handle, a ring, a fastener and a heat insulation plate, wherein the temperature sensor is connected with a temperature control device to regulate the temperature inside the heating device in real time, temperature is displayed through the temperature control device, and precise control of heating temperature is achieved; by arranging the heat insulation plate, dissipation of temperature does not occur easily, temperature inside a test piece and temperature outside the test piece can be made consistent, and the situation that the temperature of the test piece is uneven is avoided. The device not only can heat test pieces independently but also can quickly installing and heating test pieces, heating and impacting can be conducted at the same position, test pieces can be positioned accurately, the structure is simple and compact, operation is easy, working efficiency is high, capital input is low, and the device is economical and convenient to popularize.