The invention discloses a lithium-rich manganese-based solid solution positive electrode material for a lithium ion battery and a preparation method of the lithium-rich manganese-based solid solution positive electrode material. The chemical general formula of the lithium-rich manganese-based solid solution positive electrode material is xLi2MnO3.(1-x)LiNiCoMn<c>O2, wherein x is more than or equal to 0.2 but less than or equal to 0.7, (a+b+c) is equal to 1, a is more than or equal to 0.2 but less than or equal to 0.8, c is more than or equal to 0.1 but less than or equal to 0.5, the lithium-rich manganese-based solid solution positive electrode material is dense in particles, no hollow phenomenon exists, the tap density TD is larger than 2.0g/cm<3>, the particle size distribution coefficient K90 is 0.6-0.9, and K90=(D90-D10)/D50. The lithium-rich manganese-based solid solution positive electrode material has the advantages of good sphericity, dense particles and narrow particle size distribution, the capacity and the electrochemical performance of the lithium-rich manganese-based solid solution positive electrode material can be remarkably improved, and the cycle lifetime of the lithium-rich manganese-based solid solution positive electrode material can be remarkably prolonged; and moreover, according to the preparation method, a complexing agent does not need to use, and the preparation process is simple, is easy and stable to control, is low in production cost, is environmental-friendly, has no pollution and is suitable for industrial production on a large scale.