34 results about "Electron excitation" patented technology

This invention provides an electromagnetic field detector, a system comprising the electromagnetic field detector, and a method of operating an electromagnetic field detector, the electromagnetic field detector comprising a first optical signal interface configured to receive, from one or more remote optical sources, a first optical signal; an electromagnetic field transmitter configured to transmit a local oscillator electromagnetic field generated from the first optical signal, the electromagnetic field transmitter comprising: a photocurrent generator configured to generate a photocurrent from the first optical signal; and an antenna interface configured to supply the photocurrent to an antenna to transmit the local oscillator electromagnetic field; a second optical signal interface configured to receive, from the one or more remote optical sources, a probe optical signal and a coupling optical signal; and a transmission medium configured to be excited by the probe optical signal and further excited by the coupling optical signal, wherein the probe optical signal has a probe frequency set to excite electrons of the transmission medium to a first excited state and the coupling optical signal has a coupling frequency set to excite electrons of the transmission medium to a predetermined Rydberg state so as to induce an Electromagnetic Induced Transparency, EIT, effect, wherein the transmission medium is further configured to receive a phase-modulated electromagnetic field from a remote transmitter and the local oscillator electromagnetic field such that the combination of the phase-modulated electromagnetic field and the local oscillator electromagnetic field causes a change in the probe optical signal from which a phase state of the phase-modulated electromagnetic field can be detected.

The diamond member has a rake face and a flank. The ridge between the rake face and the flank forms a cutting edge. The arithmetic mean roughness of the rake face is 0.1 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less. The diamond member is measured for energy loss associated with the excitation of K-shell electrons of carbon by electron energy loss spectroscopy using a transmission electron microscope. The energy loss is used to measure the π bond originating from the carbon π bond in the graphite phase. * The intensity of the peaks and the σ due to the σ bond of carbon in the graphite phase and the diamond phase are * The peak intensity is calculated. * The peak intensity is σ * Divide the value by the peak intensity to obtain I π* / I σ* When the diamond material on the surface of the rake face is π* / I σ* is between 0.2 and 2.

The utility model relates to the technical field of electron sources, and provides an electron source and an electron gun, and the electron source comprises an optical fiber assembly, an electron emitter and an installation member. Wherein the optical fiber assembly comprises an optical fiber, the electron emitter comprises an electron excitation layer, the electron excitation layer is arranged on a laser emitting path of the optical fiber, and laser emitted by the optical fiber can directly irradiate the electron excitation layer, so that the electron excitation layer is excited by the laser and emits electrons; the electron excitation layer comprises at least one of a zero-dimensional material, a one-dimensional material and a two-dimensional material. And the mounting piece is arranged between the optical fiber assembly and the electron emitter and is used for detachably connecting the optical fiber assembly and the electron emitter. The electron source is simple in structure, and the electron emitter and the optical fiber are convenient to disassemble and replace.

The invention belongs to the technical field of photoconductive switches, and particularly relates to a phonon auxiliary absorption photoconductive switch and a pulse power system. According to the invention, the main excitation path of electrons is changed, that is, the main path of electron excitation in a photoconductive switch (PCSS) is changed into phonon-assisted inter-band transition from impurity energy level-assisted transition, so that bulk excitation with high photon-generated carrier concentration on the PCSS is realized, a large number of photon-generated carriers are relatively uniformly distributed in a conducting channel of the PCSS, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the PCSS is improved. And the voltage conversion efficiency of the PCSS can be obviously improved. In addition, the method can be widely and universally used for the PCSS based on the semiconductor material, and the voltage conversion efficiency of the PCSS based on various semiconductor materials is improved.

The application provides an electron source and a preparation method and application thereof. The electron source comprises an optical fiber, a conductive connecting layer and an electron emission layer. The conductive connecting layer is arranged on the outer surface of the optical fiber. The electron emission layer comprises an electron excitation layer electrically connected with the conductive connecting layer. The electron excitation layer comprises at least one layer of two-dimensional material. The electron excitation layer is arranged on the laser emission path of the optical fiber, and the laser emitted by the optical fiber can directly irradiate on the electron excitation layer, so that the electron excitation layer is excited by the laser and emits electrons. The two-dimensional material as the material of the electron emission layer has the characteristics of good stability and long service life. Moreover, the two-dimensional material can be directly integrated with the optical fiber. The optical fiber can provide a stable excitation source with adjustable wavelength, polarization and optical mode, and can be applied to different application scenarios.

The invention discloses a diacetylene topological chemical reaction method which comprises the following steps: spin-coating a diacetylene solution on a substrate to form a coating film; and irradiating the coating film by adopting an infrared light source, and reacting to generate polydiacetylene. Compared with side reaction and degradation caused by the fact that high-energy rays enable the material to enter an electron excitation state and material fragmentation caused by severe spatial change of molecules under high polymerization, mid-infrared light vibration excitation in the method serves as a means capable of triggering molecular vibration under an electron ground state, and under the mild condition, the mid-infrared light can be used as a means capable of triggering molecular vibration under the electron ground state. Therefore, various bad effects generated in the electron excitation state can be avoided.

The embodiment of the invention relates to a method and device for determining molecular system energy, equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises: for each fragment in a molecular system, determining a plurality of orbits associated with the fragment, the plurality of orbits including a fragment orbit of the fragment, a first environmental orbit strongly coupled to the fragment, and a second environmental orbit weakly coupled to the fragment; based on the corresponding occupation states of the plurality of tracks, the plurality of tracks are respectively corresponding to the first track space or the second track space, and for the tracks corresponding to the same track space, the occupation state of the second environment track is different from the occupation state of the segment track and the occupation state of the first environment track; selecting a set of target orbits from the plurality of orbits to construct a fragment orbital space of the fragment using reference information related to electron excitation determined based on the first orbital space and the second orbital space; and determining an estimate of system energy of the molecular system based on the fragment orbital spaces of the plurality of fragments.

This invention provides a method of detecting an electromagnetic field, and a device for 5 performing said method, the method comprising the steps of: transmitting a probe signal at a probe frequency in a first probe signal path and a second probe signal path to an optical receiver, wherein the first probe signal path passes through a transmission medium and the probe frequency is set to excite electrons of the transmission medium from a ground state to a first excited state; transmitting a coupling signal at a coupling frequency in a first coupling signal path, wherein the first coupling signal path overlaps with the first probe signal path in the transmission medium in a first overlapping section, wherein the coupling frequency is set to excite electrons of the transmission medium to a predetermined excited state so as to induce an Electromagnetic Induced Transparency, EIT, effect in the transmission medium such that an incident electromagnetic field at the transmission medium causes a change in refractive index in the transmission medium at the first overlapping section such that there is a change in an optical path length difference between the first probe signal path and the second probe signal path; combining the first path of the probe signal, following its passage of the first overlapping section of the transmission medium, with the second path of the probe signal; and monitoring, at the optical receiver, the intensity of the combined first and second paths of the probe signal so as to detect the incident electromagnetic field at the first overlapping section of the transmission medium as a change in the intensity caused by the change in the optical path length difference between the first probe signal path and the second probe signal path.

The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of catalysts, in particular to a solar-driven CO2 conversion molten medium catalyst, a preparation method and application of the solar-driven CO2 conversion molten medium catalyst in a CO2 trapping and separating system, and the solar-driven CO2 conversion molten medium catalyst comprises the following preparation steps: S1, preparing a modified carrier; s2, molten metal is heated to be completely molten, modified molten salt is added, stirring is conducted, and emulsion is obtained; and S3, adding the modified carrier and copper acetylacetonate into the emulsion, carrying out ultrasonic-assisted dispersion in a molten state, cooling, soaking in an ionic liquid, and drying to obtain the catalyst. The synergistic effect of light and heat is realized in a melting system through the synergistic effect of the modified carrier and the modified molten salt, so that electron excitation initiated by light energy and surface reaction kinetics promoted by heat energy supplement each other, the overall conversion efficiency of CO2 is greatly improved, the dual functions of efficient trapping and in-situ catalytic conversion are achieved, and the catalyst has a good application prospect. Complex procedures of separation, compression and storage after CO2 capture in a traditional process are omitted, and the process flow is remarkably simplified.

The invention relates to the technical field of molecular measurement, in particular to a molecular dynamics measurement method based on quantum coherence control, which comprises the following steps of: acquiring molecular dynamics transition trajectory and electric dipole moment vector data, calculating and recording a transition direction difference scalar, extracting particle momentum change, executing reverse detection to generate a delay trajectory set, and calculating the molecular dynamics transition trajectory and electric dipole moment vector data; the method comprises the following steps of: extracting an included angle cosine value between an electric dipole moment direction vector group and an atomic centroid spacing vector group in electron excited state transition, analyzing an energy level spectrum band offset screening path number, judging transition direction trend matching to obtain a splicable track, and generating a spectrum band interference verification index group. The method comprises the following steps: extracting an included angle cosine value between an electric dipole moment direction vector group and an atomic centroid spacing vector group in electron excited state transition; based on spectral band dynamic screening of energy level numbers, energy gap difference values and transition step length changes, non-continuous changes in the spectral band energy evolution process can be captured with high sensitivity, and the obtained spectral band interference index has the capability of composite evaluation on energy path continuity and direction change consistency.

The present application includes a scanning electron microscope (15), an observation object ion detection unit (20) that detects an observation object ion, an observation object gas supply unit (19) that supplies an observation object gas to an observation object gas pipe (14) connected to the back surface side of a sample (17), a diaphragm type sample holder (12) that can mount the sample (17) as a diaphragm that separates an analysis chamber (11) and the observation object gas pipe (14), and a control unit (50) that acquires a SEM image while supplying the observation object gas and causing the sample to generate stress by a differential pressure between the analysis chamber (11) and the observation object gas pipe (14), detects the observation object gas that diffuses into the sample and escapes to the surface by electron excitation detachment, and acquires an ESD image of the observation object ion, whereby it is possible to investigate the mechanism of a deterioration phenomenon such as a structure material embrittlement phenomenon caused by the observation object gas.

The application provides an electron source and a preparation method and application thereof. The electron source comprises an optical fiber, a conductive connecting layer and an electron emission layer. The electron emission layer comprises an electron excitation layer electrically connected with the conductive connecting layer. The electron excitation layer comprises a three-dimensional nanomaterial. The electron excitation layer is arranged on a laser emission path of the optical fiber. Laser emitted by the optical fiber can directly irradiate on the electron emission layer, so that the electron excitation layer is excited by the laser and emits electrons. The three-dimensional nanomaterial as the material of the electron emission layer has the characteristics of good stability and long service life. The optical fiber can provide a stable excitation source with adjustable wavelength, polarization and optical mode, and can be applied to different application scenarios.

This invention belongs to the field of gas charge detection technology, specifically relating to a method for measuring the gas ionization coefficient and streamer initiation voltage under wide temperature conditions. The steps include: constructing an experimental system comprising an electrode system, a temperature control system, a laser, a single-photon detection and signal processing module, a streamer voltage measurement device, and auxiliary purification equipment; performing temperature control on the low-temperature and high-temperature sections respectively, and initiating initial electron excitation when the set temperature is reached and stabilized; using the laser for initial electron excitation, collecting the number of photons and photon arrival time, and calculating the ionization coefficient; embedding a tungsten needle tip in the center of the upper surface of the grounding electrode, turning off the laser, increasing the voltage, and monitoring the needle tip current; when the current derivative and current amplitude suddenly increase to meet preset conditions, recording the voltage at a certain temperature T as the streamer initiation voltage U. s (T), the average value of Z repeated measurements is taken as the final value of the streamer initiation voltage. This invention can achieve α and U over a wide temperature range. s High-precision, high-sensitivity measurement.

The invention discloses a detection method and device based on femtosecond laser-plasma collaborative excitation, and the method comprises the steps: controlling a laser to emit a beam of femtosecond pulse laser, and splitting the femtosecond pulse laser into three beams of pulse laser; the three laser beams are focused to form a femtosecond filament, the filament contains high-density free electrons, and optical excitation and electronic excitation exist. Two beams are modulated to form a plasma grating, and optical excitation and electronic excitation are enhanced at the same time; adjusting the space-time matching of the third beam of light and the plasma grating, enhancing the synergistic excitation effect, and forming plasmas on the surface of the material; and a fluorescence signal emitted by the plasma is collected through the lens group. An electrode material is detected in a femtosecond laser-plasma synergistic excitation mode, and a low thermal effect of femtosecond laser is combined with directional energy deposition of a plasma grating, so that more stable plasma can be generated, continuous background radiation can be reduced, spectral line broadening can be reduced, the characteristic spectral line intensity can be improved, and higher detection precision can be achieved.

The invention relates to the field of electron multiplication sources, and provides an electron multiplication source and application thereof, and the electron multiplication source comprises a tube body with a tube cavity; the electron source comprises an optical fiber and an electron excitation layer; the anode assembly is located on an emergent path of the electron beam, is opposite to the light emergent end of the optical fiber and is arranged at an interval; the dynode group comprises at least one dynode arranged on the cavity wall of the tube cavity; and a power supply assembly. The electron multiplication source has the advantages of being small in size, high in integration degree, good in stability, high in multiplication effect and the like.

The invention relates to the technical field of electron sources, and provides an electron source and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the steps: providing a substrate, the substrate comprises a light transmitting layer and an electron excitation layer disposed on the surface of the light transmitting layer, and the material of the electron excitation layer comprises at least one of a zero-dimensional material, a one-dimensional material and a two-dimensional material; forming conductive layers which are arranged side by side at intervals on the electron excitation layer; the substrate with the conducting layer is cut to form a plurality of electron emitters, each electron emitter comprises a light-transmitting layer, an electron excitation layer and a conducting layer, the electron excitation layer and the conducting layer are arranged on the surface of the light-transmitting layer, and the conducting layer in each electron emitter is in contact connection with the electron excitation layer; and connecting one side, provided with the light transmitting layer, of the electron emitter with a laser emitting surface of the optical fiber, and positioning the electron excitation layer on a laser emitting path of the optical fiber to obtain an electron source. Batch preparation of the electron source is realized, and the method is simple and high in efficiency.

The invention belongs to the technical field of gas live detection, and particularly relates to a gas ionization coefficient and streamer initial voltage measurement method under a wide temperature condition, which comprises the following steps: building an experiment system comprising an electrode system, a temperature control system, a laser, a single photon detection and signal processing module, streamer voltage measurement equipment and auxiliary purification equipment; performing temperature control on the low-temperature section and the high-temperature section respectively, and performing initial electron excitation when the set temperature is reached and is stable; performing initial electron excitation by using a laser, collecting the photon number and the photon arrival time, and calculating an ionization coefficient; embedding a tungsten needle tip in the center of the upper surface of the grounding electrode, turning off the laser, boosting, and monitoring the current of the needle tip; and when the sudden increase of the current derivative and the current amplitude meets a preset condition, recording the voltage at a certain temperature T as the stream initial voltage Us (T), repeatedly measuring for Z times, and averaging as the final value of the stream initial voltage. According to the invention, high-precision and high-sensitivity measurement of alpha and Us in a wide temperature range can be realized.

Disclosed is a simulation device for electron-excited atmospheric radiation. An electron gun cavity is connected with a front end of a gas cavity. An electron gun is used for emitting electrons and injecting the electrons into the gas cavity. The electrons collide with gas molecules in the gas cavity to ionize and excite the gas molecules. According to the miniaturized simulation device for electron-excited atmospheric radiation, the device can realize an ionization excitation experiment of high-energy electrons on neutral gas and generate a series of optical radiation phenomena in special scenes. In addition, with the aid of optical observation equipment, optical radiation signals of ionized neutral gas can be obtained, so that radiation laws under different incident electron energies, different radiation intensities and different atmospheric components can be further obtained.

The invention belongs to the field of inorganic nanomaterials, and particularly relates to an anti-ferrocene palladium nanocluster material, a method thereof and application of the anti-ferrocene palladium nanocluster material in photothermal conversion performance. The anti-ferrocene palladium cluster disclosed by the invention is a planar metal nanocluster formed on the basis of a Pd5P structural unit, and comprises but is not limited to Pd5-C, Pd5-O, Pd6, Pd8-S and Pd8-P. The cluster structure is similar to the form of a traditional ferrocene compound and has planar aromaticity, but the positions of metal and nonmetal are exchanged. Besides, different from a conventional metal nanocluster with a three-dimensional structure, the anti-ferrocene palladium cluster material with the plane structure has near-infrared absorption (within the ranges of a near-infrared first region and a near-infrared second region), and the maximum absorption wavelength of the anti-ferrocene palladium cluster material mainly originates from electron excitation transition of a cluster metal plane. The unique absorption interval and the electron excitation transition form endow the material with excellent near-infrared light thermal conversion performance.

This invention provides an electromagnetic field detector, a system including the electromagnetic field detector, and a method of operating the electromagnetic field detector. The electromagnetic field detector includes: a first optical signal interface configured to receive a first optical signal from one or more remote light sources; an electromagnetic field transmitter configured to transmit a local oscillator electromagnetic field generated according to the first optical signal, the electromagnetic field transmitter including: a photocurrent generator configured to generate a photocurrent according to the first optical signal; an antenna interface configured to provide the photocurrent to an antenna to transmit the local oscillator electromagnetic field; a second optical signal interface configured to receive a probe optical signal and a coupled optical signal from one or more remote light sources; and a transmission medium. The medium is configured to be excited by a probe optical signal and further excited by a coupling optical signal, wherein the probe optical signal has a probe frequency set to excite electrons in the transmission medium to a first excited state, and the coupling optical signal has a coupling frequency set to excite electrons in the transmission medium to a predetermined Rydberg state to induce an electromagnetically induced transparent (EIT) effect, wherein the transmission medium is further configured to receive a local oscillator electromagnetic field and a phase-modulated electromagnetic field from a remote transmitter, such that the combination of the phase-modulated electromagnetic field and the local oscillator electromagnetic field causes a change in the probe optical signal, and the phase state of the phase-modulated electromagnetic field can be detected according to the change.

The utility model discloses a high-voltage electron gun adopting water cooling to drive an oil cooling composite insulator. The high-voltage electron gun comprises a high-voltage lead-in and electron excitation regulation and control unit and an electron beam electromagnetic regulation and control unit. The device is sequentially provided with a high-voltage cable connection assembly, a first insulation assembly, a second insulation assembly and an electronic excitation assembly. A silicon rubber sleeve is arranged in the first insulation assembly, and interface discharge is inhibited through air-gap-free sealing connection; the second insulating assembly is filled with insulating oil and is wound with a snakelike water-cooling pipe so as to improve the insulation and heat dissipation performance. The electron excitation assembly is composed of an anode, a grid electrode and a cathode and used for electron beam emission. And the electron beam electromagnetic regulation and control unit is provided with a beam channel, an axis combining coil, a focusing coil and a scanning coil and is used for realizing beam quality regulation and control. The structure integrates the oil cooling channel and the water cooling channel, not only can the connection mode between the high-voltage cable and the insulator of the electron gun be simplified and the reaction between the insulating material of the high-voltage cable and the insulating oil be avoided, but also the working stability of the electron gun can be improved by utilizing the mode of driving the oil cooling by the water cooling.

The utility model relates to the technical field of electron guns, and provides an electron gun which comprises an electron gun main body, an electron emitter, a first optical fiber connecting piece and a grid electrode. A first optical fiber is arranged in the electron gun body. The electron emitter is arranged on the electron gun body and comprises a second optical fiber and an electron excitation layer, the first optical fiber is connected with the second optical fiber, and the electron excitation layer is arranged on a laser emitting path of the second optical fiber. The first optical fiber connecting piece comprises a first connecting piece arranged on the electron gun body and a second connecting piece arranged on the electron emitter, and the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece are detachably connected with the electron emitter and the electron gun body in a matched mode. The grid electrode is arranged on the electron emitting side of the electron emitter. The electron gun has the advantages of being simple in structure, good in stability, convenient to replace the electron emitter and the like.

The invention relates to the technical field of biomedical nano materials, and discloses a targeted radiotherapy sensitizer, a bionic nano delivery system and a preparation method and application of the targeted radiotherapy sensitizer and the bionic nano delivery system. The preparation method of the targeted radiotherapy sensitizer comprises the following steps: dissolving triphenylphosphine and a polypeptide condensing agent in anhydrous DMF (Dimethyl Formamide), and uniformly stirring; then adding an SH-PEG2000-NH2 solution, and carrying out a reaction, so as to obtain SH-PEG2000-TPP (Triphenyl Phosphate); heating and refluxing the chloroauric acid solution, adding a sodium citrate solution, and reacting to obtain an AuNPs dispersion liquid; the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing an AuNPs dispersion liquid, SH-PEG2000-NH2 and SH-PEG2000-TPP, and carrying out a reaction, so as to obtain AuNP-PEG2000-TPP nanoparticles, namely the targeted radiotherapy sensitizer. After entering tumor mitochondria, the targeted radiotherapy sensitizer disclosed by the invention can effectively absorb ray energy through X-ray irradiation, convert the ray energy into heat energy and electron excitation energy, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), further activate inflammatory small bodies and caspase-1, then generate N-terminal GSDMD protein fragments, start a pyroptosis process and play a relatively strong radiotherapy sensitization role; proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta and IL-18 are released in the pyroptosis process, and local immune response is further expanded.

The application provides a flow field density measurement method based on femtosecond laser electron excitation marking, which comprises the following steps: firstly, a laser pulse is emitted by a femtosecond laser, and a time delay generator is used to control the laser emission time; secondly, the laser pulse is focused on a measurement area by a frequency conversion module, a mirror group and a focusing lens device; thirdly, a camera with an added optical filter is arranged on the side of the measurement area and in a 90° direction with the laser transmission direction, and the camera is used to filter and collect the fluorescence signals generated by the femtosecond laser excited particles; finally, the density information of the flow field in the measurement area is deduced according to the fluorescence signal decay time information collected by the camera. The operation process of the application is simple, the measurement result is accurate, the flow field density can be measured while the influence on the flow field property is extremely small, the arrangement of the measurement device is simplified in the research on complex flow problems such as hypersonic flow, and the application is suitable for promotion and application.

A single-crystal diamond material comprising a single-crystal diamond and a modified portion present in an outer shell of the single-crystal diamond, the nitrogen-atom content of the single-crystal diamond, based on atomic number, being 1 ppm to 2,000 ppm, wherein, in an inner-shell electron excitation spectrum for the modified portion of the single-crystal diamond material, obtained by electron energy loss spectroscopy using a transmission electron microscope, the ratio Iπ* / Iσ* of the maximum intensity Iπ* of a π* peak present in the energy loss amount range of 285 eV ± 5 eV to the maximum intensity Iσ* of a σ* peak present in the energy loss amount range of 291 eV ± 5 eV is 0.15 or more, and the percentage {N1 / (N1+N2)}×100 of the number N1 of first carbon atoms constituting amorphous carbon to the total N1+N2 of the number N1 of first carbon atoms and the number N2 of second carbon atoms constituting graphite in the modified portion is 90% or more.

The invention relates to the technical field of electron sources, and provides an electron source, an electron gun and application of the electron source, and the electron source comprises an input optical fiber which comprises at least one pulse laser input optical fiber and at least one continuous laser input optical fiber; the pulse laser input optical fiber and the continuous laser input optical fiber are connected to the output optical fiber; the electron emitter comprises an electron excitation layer arranged on the laser emitting end face of the output optical fiber, the electron excitation layer is located on a laser emitting path of the output optical fiber, and the electron excitation layer comprises at least one of a zero-dimensional material, a one-dimensional material and a two-dimensional material; and the conductive connecting layer is arranged on the output optical fiber and is connected with the electron excitation layer. The electron source is high in electron emission efficiency.

The application discloses a method for diacetylene topological chemical reaction, which comprises the following steps: spin-coating a diacetylene solution on a substrate to form a coating film; and irradiating the coating film with an infrared light source to generate polydiacetylene through reaction. Compared with the side reactions and degradation caused by high-energy rays which make materials enter an electronic excited state, and the material fragmentation caused by the violent spatial change of molecules under high polymerization, the mid-infrared light vibration excitation in the method can be used as a means for initiating the vibration of molecules in an electronic ground state, and can be more widely close to a potential energy surface under mild conditions, so that various adverse effects generated in the electronic excited state can be avoided.

The application discloses a kind of calibration device and method of secondary electron yield measurement, it is related to secondary electron emission phenomenon and its application field;The calibration device includes: electron excitation source, Faraday cup, collecting electrode, beam measuring instrument and mobile terminal;Electron excitation source emits electron;Collecting electrode collects the secondary electron generated under the irradiation of electron that is injected by electron through hole of the sample to be measured;Beam measuring instrument measures the electron beam current that is transmitted by Faraday cup when Faraday cup is below electron excitation source and all covers electron through hole, and measures the current of secondary electron and the current that is transmitted through the sample to be measured;Mobile terminal obtains secondary electron calibration yield according to the secondary electron yield that is calculated according to the current of secondary electron and the current that is transmitted through the sample to be measured, and the correction factor that is calculated from the current of secondary electron and electron beam current;The application realizes accurate measurement of secondary electron yield by carrying out the calibration of secondary electron yield according to correction factor.

The invention relates to the technical field of photocatalysis, and discloses a photocatalyst which comprises a polymer carbon nitride nanosheet, the invention discloses a polymer carbon nitride nanosheet, which is characterized in that the polymer carbon nitride nanosheet comprises a rhenium monatomic active site, the rhenium monatomic active site is anchored on the surface of the polymer carbon nitride nanosheet, and the rhenium monatomic active site comprises an Re-N2C3Cl coordination structure. According to the photocatalyst, the coordination environment of rhenium single atoms is regulated and controlled, a quasi-octahedral Re-N2C3Cl structure is constructed, the d-d transition oscillator strength can be remarkably enhanced,-2.41 V high-energy photo-induced electrons are generated, CO2 is directly reduced to generate a CO2 <.-> intermediate, the proton participation step is bypassed, the proton transfer limitation is broken through, and the efficient and continuous electron excitation photocatalytic effect can be achieved. According to the photocatalyst provided by the invention, the defect that generation of a CO2 <.-> intermediate cannot be directly driven due to insufficient photo-induced electron energy caused by the fact that d-d transition in a traditional catalyst is limited by symmetric restriction can be overcome, so that the efficiency of a CO2 photocatalytic reduction reaction is improved.

The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a method for degrading organic pollutants in water, which comprises the following steps: injecting compressed gas into sewage to form gas-dissolved water, and simultaneously performing electron beam irradiation on the sewage to degrade the organic pollutants in the sewage. According to the invention, the electric field of the micro-nano bubbles is stronger than that in water, so that the micro-nano bubbles are easy to discharge at the junction of the bubbles and the liquid level. On the basis, a gas-liquid interface is created in an electron beam irradiation technology, so that gas and water molecules at the gas-liquid interface are subjected to efficient electron release at the same time under the action of electron beam irradiation, a series of element reactions are generated, and various active substances including strong oxidizing free radicals, H2O2 and the like are generated; therefore, efficient oxidative degradation of organic pollutants in the sewage is realized; in addition, the dissolved gas can also greatly increase the contact area of free radicals and active ions generated by excitation of organic molecules and electrons in a liquid phase, so that the degradation efficiency of the organic pollutants is further improved.