The invention discloses a rolling circle amplification DNA enzyme and covalent organic framework-based electrochemical-ELISA immunosensor, and belongs to the technical field of electrochemical detection. An electrochemical method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are combined, a nucleic acid signal is amplified on an ELISA plate, an electrode is modified with a functional nanometer material, linear dependence between an electrical signal of a reduction peak and aflatoxin M1 within a range being 0.5-80ng/mL is generated, an association coefficient is 0.993, and the detection limit is 0.15ng/mL (S/N=3). By the rolling circle amplification DNA enzyme and covalent organic framework-based electrochemical-ELISA immunosensor, the electrode passivation in traditional electrochemical analysis can be prevented, an ELISA signal also can be effectively amplified, amplification of a cascading signal is achieved, the detection limit is reduced, trace detection is achieved, and a high-sensitivity, high-selectivity and high-throughput electrochemical ELISA method is built.