The invention discloses a pre-buried paddy field water and fertilizer monitoring system which comprises a pre-buried box, a cover plate arranged on the pre-buried box, a water level monitoring system,a layered water pipe system, a conductivity sensor system and a manual water taking system, wherein the pre-buried box comprises a field reduction box and a component placement box, and the field reduction box and the bottom of the component placement box are integrated, and a partition plate is arranged at the joint of the field reduction box and the component placement box. According to the method, the mode of the device to a paddy field overcome the difficulty of field sampling, and water can be simply and conveniently taken from the paddy field in a layered mode. Meanwhile, the vertical migration loss and the field surface loss of the paddy field fertilizer with water can be automatically monitored in real time, and the underground water level of a paddy field can be monitored in realtime. The paddy field water and fertilizer data can be automatically sent to a mobile phone or a computer terminal through solar power supply. The system has the advantages of being energy-saving, environment-friendly, high in automation degree, and capable of being used for test research and scale planting. The accuracy can be calibrated.