The invention discloses a vertical electrode configuration structure for a nanoscale phase change memory cell. The vertical electrode configuration structure comprises an upper electrode material layer, a middle phase change material layer and a lower electrode material layer, wherein the upper electrode material layer and the lower electrode material layer are of asymmetric upper and lower electrode structures and can perform source and drain end exchange, and insulating medium protection layers are arranged on the side of the lower electrode material layer and below the middle phase change material layer. For a low-resistance crystalline state, by constructing an asymmetric upper and lower electrode structure, compared with a structure directly facing a vertical electrode, the equivalentresistance R is increased, the working current is reduced, tunneling of a large current is avoided, and the service life of the device is prolonged, moreover, the non-opposite area component shunts the current of the series path, current diffusion in the series process is increased, the working current is reduced, and the smaller the working current is, the more difficult the metastable crystalline phase structure is broken down.