The invention relates to an adjustable air-floating and precipitating switching solid-liquid separating device. In the adjustable air-floating and precipitating switching solid-liquid separating device, a raw water inlet is arranged at the lower end of one side of a body, the body is internally provided with a dissolved air releaser, a baffle plate, an air-floating and precipitating inclined board assembly, a perforated lattice wall, a precipitate water-collecting weir, a precipitate water-collecting tank and an air-floating water-collecting tank, and a slag-scraping machine is arranged above the body. The adjustable air-floating and precipitating switching solid-liquid separating device is characterized in that an air-floating contact region is arranged around the dissolved air releaser, the position where the air-floating and precipitating inclined board assembly is located is a solid-liquid separating region, an air-floating water-collecting pipe arranged below the air-floating and precipitating inclined board assembly is communicated with the air-floating water-collecting tank, an inclined angle regulating mechanism of the air-floating and precipitating inclined board assembly is arranged on the body, can realize the regulation of an inclined angle of 60-90 DEG and the regulation of an inclined board gap, and can be used in an equidirectional flow, a reverse flow and a lateral flow. The adjustable air-floating and precipitating switching solid-liquid separating device integrates air floatation and precipitation, has multiple functions, and properly can realize the switching operation of the air floatation and the precipitation solid and liquid separation according to the condition of the water quality of the raw water. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, small occupation area, wide application range, good treatment effect, and the like.