The invention provides a synthesis method for a covalent organic framework material with an imine structure. The method comprises the following steps: using thiosemicarbazide and 1,3,6,8-tetrabenzoylpyrene as raw materials, using o-dichlorobenzene and N,N-dimethylacetamide as solvents, and using acetic acid as a catalyst, synthesizing to obtain TSC-Py COF through a solvothermal method. In DMF solution of the TSC-Py COF material, metal ion solutions of Ag<+>, Co<2+>, Fe<3+>, Cr<3+>, Pb<2+>, Zn<2+>, Na<+>, Mg<2+>, Mn<2+>, Ca<2+>, La<3+>, Ni<2+>, Al<3+>, Cu<2+>, Ce<3+>, Ba<2+>, K<+>, Cd<2+>, Pr<3+>, Fe<2+>, and Hg<2+> are respectively added. Only if mercury ions are added, the TSC-Py COF solution has the good fluorescence enhancement effect, so the covalent organic framework material can beused for fluorescence-detecting the metallic mercury ions.