The invention belongs to the field of high polymer material sciences, and concretely relates to a preparation method of apolylactic acid fiber composite surface porous film material. The preparation method provided by the invention comprises the steps of dip-coating a fiber into a polylactic acid solution, and air-drying, wherein the mass percent concentration of polylactic acid in the polylacticacid solution is 1 weight percent to 5 weight percent, and the dip-coating time is 50s to 80s. The method provided by the invention is simple and economical in process, convenient and fast to operate,and short in consumed time; the obtained polylactic acid fiber composite surface porous film is a highly ordered and porous material with high stability and large specific surface area, is green without pollution, can be widely applied to the biological medicinessuch as industrial catalysis, biological medicines, fuel cellproton exchange membranes, and high-endisolation techniques as well as thetechnologies such as fuel cellproton exchange membranes, and high-endisolation techniques.