The invention relates to the technical field of data cables, and discloses an automatic cable winding device for computer data communication. The automatic cable winding device comprises a support, a rotating shaft is movably connected to the exterior of the support, a shell is movably connected to the exterior of the rotating shaft, a shell body is fixedly connected to the inner side of the shell, a supporting rod is movably connected to the interior of the shell body, a connecting plate is fixedly connected to the exterior of the supporting rod, a friction block is fixedly connected to the exterior of the supporting rod, an electrorheological body is arranged in the shell body, and an electric wire is fixedly connected to the interior of the shell. Through the interaction of the rotating shaft, the friction block, the supporting rod, the connecting plate, the shell body, the electrorheological body, the shell and the electric wire, winding is not affected by the structure during normal winding, when the rotating shaft stops rotating, the rotating shaft can be limited to not rotate, and therefore it is guaranteed that no size error exists in the wound cable, the labor amount of workers is reduced, and the normal production of the cable is not influenced.