The invention provides a technical research and verification device for a key friction pair of a plunger pump. The technical research and verification device is composed of a hydraulic oil source system, a force loading system, a friction pair rotating body transmission system and a plunger pump mounting system for simulating the operating environment of a real swash plate type axial plunger pump.According to the technical research and verification device, the operating environment of the real plunger pump is simulated, the whole research and verification device comprises a valve plate, a plunger, a sliding shoe, a chuck, a pressing plate, a swash plate, a rotor, a shaft and other components like the real plunger pump, and even the plunger, the sliding shoe, the chuck, the pressing plate,the swash plate, the rotor, the shaft and the like which are used by the research and verification device are directly from the real plunger pump; and through research on the abrasion mechanism and law of the key friction pair, a new technology and new measures for strengthening and protecting the friction surface and the resultant force stress level can be obtained, and the important significance is achieved for further research on the long-life technology of the plunger pump. The technical research and verification device is scientific in structure and good in manufacturability and has wideapplication and popularization value.