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This application relates to the field of biomedical polymer materials technology, and discloses a variable-rigidity chest drainage tube based on a stimulus-responsive hydrogel and its preparation method. The variable-rigidity chest drainage tube comprises an interpenetrating network hydrogel, which includes: a chitin first network, prepared by phase inversion from a chitin solution with a mass percentage concentration of 1.5-4.0%; and a polyacrylamide second network, formed by polymerizing a second network precursor solution in the first network. The second network precursor solution comprises: 15-30% w / v acrylamide; 0.1-1.0% w / AAm N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide; and 0.5-2.0% w / AAm ammonium persulfate. This invention utilizes the reversible reconstruction mechanism of hydrogen bonds between the chitin and polyacrylamide networks to maintain high rigidity of the drainage tube before insertion and transform it into high flexibility after placement in body fluid, thus solving the patient discomfort and tissue damage risks caused by excessive rigidity of silicone tubes.