The invention provides a transmission imaging device and method based on a tera-hertz quantum device. The transmission imaging device comprises a light source part, an optical path part and a detection part, wherein the light source part comprises a driving power supply, a first cold head, a first heat sink arranged in the first cold head, a tera-hertz quantum cascaded laser arranged on the first heat sink and a first polyethylene window arranged on the first cold head; the optical path part comprises a first off-axis parabolic mirror, a second off-axis parabolic mirror, a two-dimensional electric translation platform, a third off-axis parabolic mirror and a fourth off-axis parabolic mirror; and the detection part comprises a second cold head, a second polyethylene window arranged on the second cold head, a second heat sink arranged in the second cold head, a tera-hertz quantum trap detector arranged on the second head sink, a signal processing circuit, an oscilloscope and a computer. The device and the method have the advantages that: an adopted tera-hertz radiation source can work in the pulse mode; and due to the adoption of the tera-hertz quantum trap detector serving as a signal detector, the imaging speed of a system can be increased effectively, and the imaging quality can be enhanced.