The invention discloses a high-temperature synthetic gas chilling device and a high-temperature synthetic gas chilling method for a gasification furnace. The chilling device comprises the
coal gasification furnace, a chilling chamber and a synthetic gas guide
pipe, wherein the chilling chamber is a space formed in a mode that a round, rectangular or polygonal section moves along the normal direction of the section; multiple
layers of
sprayer units are distributed on the periphery of the chilling chamber; and each
sprayer unit comprises multiple sprayers distributed in a tangential circle shape along the circumferential direction; when the synthetic gas generated by the
coal gasification furnace enters into the chilling chamber through the synthetic gas guide
pipe so as to be chilled, the sprayers spray a
cooling medium along a direction opposite to the synthetic gas movement direction, so that the
cooling medium and the synthetic gas are uniformly mixed. According to the device and the method, multiple
layers of multiple sprayers distributed in a tangential circle shape along the circumferential direction are adopted for spraying the
cooling medium along the direction opposite to the synthetic gas movement direction, so that the influence of the chilling boundary on the temperature of the gasification furnace is reduced; and the cooling medium is sprayed along the direction opposite to the synthetic gas movement direction, so that the mixing intensity is improved, the residual rotation momenta of the synthetic gas are reduced, the length of the outlet guide
pipe of the chilling chamber of the gasification furnace is greatly shortened, and the cost is lowered.