36results about How to "Raise the Fermi level" patented technology

A photoelectric transducer 1 includes a semiconductor electrode 15 provided with a semiconductor layer 7 supporting a sensitizing dye, a counter electrode 9 opposed to the semiconductor electrode 15, and an electrolyte layer 13 disposed between the semiconductor electrode 15 and the counter electrode 9, wherein the electrolyte layer 13 includes a compound containing a nitrogen atom having non-shared electron pairs in a molecule and iodine (I3<->) with a concentration of 0.06 to 6 mol/dm<3>, whereby a photoelectric transducer capable of maintaining an excellent conversion efficiency for a long period of time can be provided.

The present invention relates to an organic electronic device, comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and a substantially organic layer comprising a compound according to formula (I) between the first and the second electrode:

wherein A¹ is a C6-C20 arylene and each of A²-A³ is independently selected from a C6-C20 aryl, wherein the aryl or arylene may be unsubstituted or substituted with groups comprising C and H or with a further LiO group, provided that the given C count in an aryl or arylene group includes also all substituents present on the said group.

The invention belongs to the field of dye-sensitized solar cells and particularly provides a method for preparing a metal-doped low-energy gap nanocrystalline semiconductor photo-anode film. The method comprises the steps of: preparing low-energy gap metal-doped nano-titanium dioxide powder and a gel precursor, and then spinning the powder and gel on a conductive glass substrate to obtain a low-energy gap doped porous nano-titanium dioxide photo-anode film. The method realizes the control to the size of a semi-conductor titanium dioxide energy gap and the position of an LUMO energy level thereof through one, two or more different metals, widens an absorption spectral band of the photo-anode film, ensures that an anode can also absorb the sunlight to generate photogenerated electrons and cavities when electrons are transmitted, improves the utilization rate of the sunlight, also improves the energy level matching performance of the photo-anode film and dye molecules, improves an Femi energy level of a titanium dioxide anode material at the same time, remarkably enhances the open-circuit voltage, can greatly improve the photoelectric conversion performance of the cells, and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cells.

The invention discloses a doping dye sensitized solar cell photo anode, preparation method and application thereof, wherein the doping dye sensitized solar cell photo anode is divided into three layers in structure; the first layer is a common glass; the second layer is a SnO2 transparent conductive film doped with F; the third layer is a nanocrystalline porous composite film formed by doping the nano particle with mesoporous semiconductor at wide band with nanocrystalline semiconductor particles, wherein dyes are attached on the nanocrystalline porous composite film. The doping dye sensitized solar cell photo anode is used in doping dye sensitized solar cells. The doping dye sensitized solar cell photo anode of the invention can improve the photoelectric conversion performance of cells and increase the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells well, and has the advantages of simple preparing technology, good repeatability and low cost; the doping dye sensitized solar cell photo anode not only can be used in dye sensitized solar cell materials, but also can be used in the fields of photocatalysis, gas sensitive material and the like.

The invention discloses a method for photocatalytic advanced treatment of papermaking wastewater. The method comprises the following steps of: adding a proper amount of photocatalyst into the papermaking wastewater; irradiating with a 500W xenon lamp with the ph ranging from 3 to 8 and the initial concentration of CODCr in the papermaking wastewater being 100 to 160mg/L. The photodegradation capacity of the photocatalyst enables the CODCr degradation rate to be 95.5-97.6%. By the advanced treatment method of the photocatalytic papermaking wastewater, the quality of recycled water can be improved to enable the recycled water to meet the multi-aspect water demands of papermaking production, and the restriction of water resource shortage on the development of the papermaking industry is relieved.

The invention relates to a three-dimensional/two-dimensional perovskite-based solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The solar cell sequentially comprises a transparent conductive substrate, an electron transport layer, a three-dimensional perovskite active layer, a two-dimensional perovskite active layer, a hole transport layer and a counter electrode from bottom to top, in the two-dimensional perovskite active layer, the structure of the two-dimensional perovskite is lt; 110gt, 110gt; and shaping. According to the preparation method, a high-quality three-dimensional perovskite thin film is prepared by adopting low-pressure auxiliary treatment, and then a nonlinear long-chain organic amine salt solution is used for treatment, so that the thin film with the 1t is generated on the upper surface of the three-dimensional perovskite in situ; 110gt, 110gt; the invention discloses a two-dimensional perovskite layer. The preparation method is efficient, the preparation process is simple, and the obtained three-dimensional/lt is achieved; 110gt, 110gt; the two-dimensional perovskite thin film is better in film-forming property and fewer in defect, the carrier transport performance of the perovskite solar cell prepared on the basis of the two-dimensional perovskite thin film is improved, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is remarkably improved.

The present invention relates to a graphene-dielectric composite metasurface-based reflection type broadband polarization controller, and belongs to the technical field of novel artificial electromagnetic materials and terahertz science. The polarization controller comprises a four-layer structure, wherein the lowermost layer is a metal substrate (1), the middle is a low-refractive-index dielectric (2), and the uppermost layer is a high-refractive-index dielectric metasurface array (3) embedded in the low-refractive-index dielectric (2); and meanwhile, the upper surface of the metasurface array is exposed in air, and uniform single-layer graphene (4) is arranged between the low-refractive-index dielectric layer and the high-refractive-index dielectric metasurface. A bias voltage control device (5) is arranged between the graphene layer (4) and the metal substrate (1), so that linearly polarized light is converted into orthogonal linearly polarized light or circularly polarized light ina certain frequency range by changing the conductivity of graphene. The reflection type broadband polarization controller integrates the dual functions of a half-wave plate and a quarter-wave plate,and has the advantages of high efficiency, simple structure, easy integration and the like.

The invention discloses a histamine double-iodized salt and a preparation method thereof, a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method, the histamine double-iodized salt is a multifunctional organic ion, the unique asymmetric structure and flexible molecular structure of HADI play a very important role in bridging SnO2/perovskite surface, and when the histamine double-iodized salt is applied to the perovskite solar cell, the histamine double-iodized salt can be used for preparing the perovskite solar cell. Wherein a-OH group on the surface of SnO2 is combined with a-NH3 group at the tail end of HADI through dehydration; pb-based defects are passivated through Lewis-acid-base interaction between Pb < 2 + > in the perovskite and imidazolium units of HADI, and migration of I-ions can be inhibited through hydrogen bonds (NH...... I) between the HADI and the perovskite. Meanwhile, the HADI has better flexibility at the SnO2/perovskite interface compared with other reported organic ammonium salts due to a flexible and long-adapted-CH2-CH2-chain.

The invention discloses a method for modulating Fermi level of an optical anode of a dye sensitized solar cell through trace N-type doping, which comprises the steps of: with a salt containing a +5 valence or +6 valence metal element is used as an N type doping source material, preparing trace N type doped titanium dioxide slurry by adopting a hydrothermal method and preparing a trace N type doped titanium dioxide nanocrystalline porous film electrode by adopting a coating method. The Fermi level of titanium dioxide nano particles is modulated through trace N type doping, which can remarkably improve the open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current and the photoelectricity conversion efficiency of the dye sensitized solar cell. Meanwhile, the invention has the advantages of low cost, simple process and good repeatability, and is suitable for industrialized application.

The invention discloses a light-operated terahertz optical fiber modulator and a light amplitude modulation method thereof. The light-operated terahertz optical fiber modulator comprises a terahertz optical fiber used for transmitting terahertz waves, the side edge of the terahertz optical fiber is provided with a polishing and grinding area, and the end face of the terahertz optical fiber with the polishing and grinding area arranged on the side edge is D-shaped; and a metamaterial with a micro-nano structure is arranged on the polishing and grinding area, graphene is arranged on the metamaterial, and a graphene-metamaterial structure serving as a light modulation structure is formed. By adopting the side-polished terahertz optical fiber structure, the loss of terahertz waves in a free space can be effectively reduced, the contact area between graphene and a terahertz wave evanescent field is increased, and the modulation efficiency is improved. Graphene is adopted as a modulation medium substance, so that the modulation characteristic of the terahertz modulator can be effectively improved. In a terahertz wave band, the nano periodic structure prepared from the metamaterial has a high resonance factor. Resonance enhancement enables interaction between the metamaterial and terahertz light to be effectively enhanced.

The invention relates to the technical field of flue gas denitration catalysts, and discloses a preparation method and application of a nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide denitration catalyst. The preparation method of the nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide denitration catalyst comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out surface hydrogenation reduction on a titanium source to obtain black TiO2 powder; and (2) carrying out nitrogen doping on the black TiO2 powder to obtain the N-TiO2 catalyst. The crystal form of the N-TiO2 catalyst is an anatase type, and the N-TiO2 catalyst has oxygen vacancies and Ti < 3 + >; on the basis of the total weight of the N-TiO2 catalyst, the content of the nitrogen element is 0.4-0.5 wt%, and N atoms enter TiO2 crystal lattices in an interstitial doping (Ti-O-N) manner. The denitration efficiency of the nitrogen-doped TiO2 denitration catalyst at the temperature of 300-400 DEG C can reach 90% or above, the N2 selectivity can reach 92% or above, and the nitrogen-doped TiO2 denitration catalyst can be applied to NH3-SCR denitration.

The invention relates to a method for improving performances of a dye sensitized solar cell. In the method, by temperature treatment for the sensitization process of organic dye for preparing a solar cell, open circuit voltage is increased and electrical properties are enhanced. The method is simple and easily operated and has low cost.

There is provided a thermal material comprising an electrode, a film of reduced graphene oxide, a porous membrane that is sandwiched between the electrode and the film of reduced graphene oxide, and an ionic liquid that is disposed within pores of the porous membrane. There is also provided a method of preparing a thermal material. There is further provided a method of changing an article's apparent temperature. There is further provided a device comprising the thermal material as described herein.