The invention particularly discloses a composite negative
electrode material, a negative
electrode, a
lithium ion battery and a preparation method. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carbonizing foam resin of
melamine or derivatives thereof to obtain a matrix, and dipping the matrix into molten
lithium to obtain the composite negative
electrode material. The
nitrogen-containingfunctional groups are uniformly distributed in the foam
carbon matrix provided by the invention, so that the foam
carbon matrix has relatively
strong binding energy to
lithium, lithium
ion flow can behomogenized in a lithium
ion deposition process, uniform deposition of
metal lithium is facilitated, and formation of
nucleation sites for lithium dendritic
crystal growth is avoided; meanwhile, thefoam
carbon matrix of the three-dimensional
network structure further has a high specific surface area, the
local current density can be reduced, the deposition uniformity of
metal lithium in the matrix is further improved, the hollow structure of the foam carbon matrix serves as an ion
transmission channel, carriers are provided in the lithium
deposition process, and aggregation of lithium ions / electrons is dispersed. The continuous growth of the lithium dendrites is favorably relieved, so that the effects of inhibiting the lithium dendrites and buffering the
volume expansion are achieved.