The present invention discloses a simulation test system for dynamic monitoring coal reservoir sensitivity and drainage control. The simulation test system comprises: a sample loading, confining pressure loading and pressure measurement module, which is configured to load a test sample, apply a confining pressure to the test sample in a test process, and measure and record pressure data in the test process; a gas-liquid fluid displacement injection module, which is configured to wash a test pipeline, vacuum the test system, and inject the gas-liquid fluid used for the test into the sample loading, confining pressure loading and pressure measurement module; and a gas-liquid collection and measurement module, which is configured to collect gas and liquid from the sample loading, confining pressure loading and pressure measurement module, and measure the amount of the collected gas and liquid. According to the test system provided by the present invention, the permeability change in the sensitivity generating process in the coal reservoir during the in-situ coalbed methane drainage can be dynamically monitored in real time, the effective control of the coalbed methane well drainage can be implemented, and the test system has high controllability, easy installation, and safety and reliability.