The invention relates to a sample preparation method for inorganic nonmetal powder material for the backscattered electron image and energy spectrum study. The sample preparation method comprises the steps as follows: 1, blending and uniformly mixing a powder sample with epoxy resin, 2, inlaying a sample by adopting a vacuum inlay instrument, 3, curing for 24 h at room temperature, 4, grinding and polishing, 5, performing ultrasonic cleaning, and 6, performing film coating. When the sample number is smaller or a plurality of samples are required to be observed at the same time, a secondary inlaying technology is adopted and comprises the steps as follows: firstly, a smaller die is adopted, and one or more small samples are prepared via the steps 1-3, then, the cured samples are placed into a bigger die, epoxy resin is poured into the vacuum inlay instrument, and the samples are cured at room temperature, and subsequent treatment is performed on the samples according to the steps 4-6. The sample preparation method provided by the invention can improve the sample quality, simplify the operating process and reduce the sample preparation difficulty.