The invention relates to the technical fields of textile printing and dyeing and particularly relates to a one-step-method differential dyeing process for a cellulosic fiber textile. The one-step-method differential dyeing process comprises the following specific processes: preparing a cellulosic fiber modified working solution, adding the cellulosic fiber modified working solution into a dyeing machine; heating the modified working solution in the dyeing solution to 60-80 DEG C, and maintaining the temperature; carrying out water washing, neutralization and dehydration, and drying for later use; mixing with unprocessed fibers, and spinning; weaving into textiles of different structures; preparing a scouring and bleaching working solution, adding the scouring and bleaching working solution into an overflow dyeing machine; putting the textiles into the overflow dyeing machine; heating the scouring and bleaching working solution in the overflow dyeing machine to 80-98 DEG C, and maintaining the temperature; carrying out water washing and dehydration, and drying for later use; dyeing the textiles; and carrying out normal-temperature dyeing, liquid discharging, water washing, soaping, water washing and dehydration for later use. Compared with the prior art, the one-step-method differential dyeing process has the advantages that a cellulosic fiber cationization theory and a process are researched and applied to loosened fibers, graft fibers and common fibers are blended, spun and woven, and then a white-texture flower yarn-patterned fabric is prepared by virtue of a one-step method.