The invention relates to a method and a device for extracting asphalt from oil sand through solvent extraction. The method comprises steps as follows: step 1, crushing and sieving asphalt-containing oil sand, mixing sieved oil sand with solvent at a temperature of 30 to 90 DEG C, and agitating, then extracting a solvent, so as to obtain mixed size; step 2, sieving the mixed size at the second time to remove rough sand, so as to obtain fine sand size; and step 3, centrifugally separating the fine sand size to obtain fine sand, separating the rest asphalt solution to obtain the asphalt, and removing the solvent. The invention also provides the device for extracting the asphalt from the oil sand through the solvent extraction. According to the method for extracting the asphalt from the oil sand provided by the invention, the method of extracting the solvent is carried out to extract the asphalt in the oil sand, and all processes in the method are physical processes, so little pollution is generated, and original nature of the asphalt can be kept; and the method is one of the most efficient technologies for applying the oil sand as a road building material.