The invention discloses a method for extracting and separating gelsevirine, koumidine, koumine, gelsemine and furan koumine from gelsemium elegans benth. The method comprises the following steps: extracting and neutralizing gelsemium elegans benth raw materials by using an acidic water solution, and drying under reduced pressure, thus obtaining gelsemic acid water extract; extracting the gelsemic acid water extract by using an organic solvent, concentrating, dissolving by water and carrying out freeze drying, thus obtaining gelsemium elegans benth extract powder; separating and purifying the gelsemium elegans benth powder, thus respectively obtaining the gelsevirine, the koumidine, the koumine, the gelsemine and the furan koumine. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the gelsevirine, the koumidine, the koumine, the gelsemine and the furan koumine which are high in purity can be extracted and separated from the gelsemium elegans benth, the operation is simple, the cost is low, simultaneous separation of various alkaloids in the gelsemium elegans benth is realized, and the method is beneficial for comprehensive utilization of natural resources.