The invention discloses a culture tail water treatment system which comprises a primary settling zone, an enhanced settling zone, a biological purification zone and an effluent storage zone, the primary settling zone is used for collecting culture tail water discharged from a seawater pond; the enhanced settling zone comprises a reservoir, a water separation dam and filter dams, the reservoir is divided into a plurality of settling ponds which are arranged side by side in the left-right direction by the water separation dam, the settling ponds on the left side are used for collecting culture tail water subjected to preliminary settling, every two adjacent settling ponds are communicated through the corresponding filter dam, and the settling pond on the right side is communicated with the biological purification zone through the corresponding filter dam; the biological purification zone comprises an animal breeding purification pond and a first plant purification wetland, the animal breeding purification pond is communicated with the sedimentation pond located on the right side through a filter dam, and the animal breeding purification pond is communicated with the effluent storage area through the first plant purification wetland. When the culture tail water is treated, the structure and function of the seawater pond are not changed, the process is advanced, the technology is reliable, economical and reasonable, manufacturing cost and operation cost are low, and management and maintenance are convenient.