This invention discloses a method for rapidly constructing a complex of
cholera toxin B
subunit (CTB) and
antigen. The vaccine complex includes a CTB-SpyTag
fusion protein and at least one SpyCatcher-
antigen fusion protein. It also includes a preparation method for rapidly preparing a CTB5-
antigen complex by mixing CTB-SpyTag with the SpyCatcher-antigen. This invention directs the antigen to the side of the CTB
pentamer that does not participate in GM1 binding, avoiding steric hindrance interference. It utilizes the SpyTag / SpyCatcher covalent isopeptide bond to obtain highly stable antigen display, reducing antigen shedding during subsequent preparation and storage. It also possesses mucosal targeting and multivalent presentation functions, providing a universal platform technology for rapidly constructing and validating broad-spectrum, combined, or personalized mucosal vaccines.