60 results about "Direct-ethanol fuel cell" patented technology

The invention relates to a carbon-supported CoN fuel-cell catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The catalyst comprises the following components in mass percentage: 40-99 percent of carbon material and 1-60 percent of active component. The catalyst is prepared through the following steps of: dispersing the components into a mortar loaded with a solvent, fully grinding until the solvent is completely volatilized, and obtaining a catalyst precursor after vacuum drying; and roasting for 2-4 hours by increasing the temperature for 200-900 DEG C at the speed of 20 DEG C/minute under the protection of an inert-gas atmosphere. The catalyst is applied to alkaline fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cells, direct ethanol fuel cells or low-temperature fuel cells. The catalyst is a non-platinum catalyst, so that the cost of the fuel cells can be markedly lowered; and the preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple and easy to operate, has low cost, is suitable for industrialized production and has good application prospects.

The invention discloses a PdAg alloy nanotube positive catalyst of a direct direct ethanol fuel cell and a preparation method of the PdAg alloy nanotube positive catalyst. The preparation method comprises the following steps of preparing a silver nanowire; dropwise adding a PdCl<2> solution into a dispersion solution of the silver nanowire; and carrying out reaction to obtain the PdAg alloy nanotube catalyst. According to the preparation method, the PdAg alloy nanotube catalyst is prepared by utilizing electrochemical replacement reaction between the silver nanowire and a Pd<2+> solution, taking the silver nanowire as a sacrifice template and controlling the concentration and the reaction condition of the PdCl<2> solution. The obtained product is high in catalytic performance and high in dispersibility and is of a hollow tubular structure, the tube diameter is uniform and is about 100 nanometers. The preparation method has the characteristics of availability in raw materials, simplicity in device process, high efficiency, rapidness, high yield, low preparation cost and the like, and is suitable for industrial production at a large scale.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a carbon-coating hollow crystal nickel oxide ethanol oxidation catalyst. The preparation method comprises the following steps that 1, glucose and nickel acetate are proportionally dissolved into deionized water to prepare a solution, the solution is placed into a tube furnace to be calcined after being dried to obtain nickel/carbon solids; 2, the nickel/carbon solids are calcined under the air atmosphere to obtain the carbon-coating hollow crystal nickel oxide catalyst. The prepared carbon-coating hollow crystal nickel oxide catalyst has the good electrocatalytic activity on ethyl alcohol under the alkaline condition, the raw materials adopted in preparation are simple and low in cost, the preparation process is simple, and the method is expected to be applied to the fields of alcohol sensors, direct alcohol fuel cells and the like.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a MXene loaded PtRhFe ternary alloy catalyst. The method comprises that an organic solvent, a platinum source, a rhodium source, an iron source, a substrate material MXene powder and a surfactant are mixed and stirred uniformly, and make hydrothermal reaction; and centrifugation, washing, drying and grinding are carried out to obtain dry powder, namely a 2D material of MXene nanosheet loaded porous spherical PtRhFe ternary alloy particle product. The technology is simple, the repeatability is high, the prepared has an excellent enthanol oxidizability in an electrolyte including 1.0 mole/L potassium hydrate and 1.0 mole/L ethanol, and the peak current density can reach 3407milliampere/milligram which is 4.2 times of the peak current density ofa commercial platinum carbon catalyst in the platinum capacity of 46.7%. The catalyst can be widely applied to field of electrocatalysis enthanol oxidation, and enables large-scale commercializationof direct enthanol fuel cells.

The invention discloses an indirect methanol fuel cell device based on heteropoly compound energy storage, belonging to the field of new energy resources. In order to solve the problems of overhigh cost of an electrode catalyst of a direct methanol fuel cell, catalyst damage caused by intermediate products, mixed potential generated by methanol permeating in a cathode, reduced performance of the cell, environment pollution, and the like, the invention provides a fuel cell system in which a heteropoly compound stores methanol energy and discharge cycle is carried out on the fuel cell, an intermediate reactor is arranged in a direct methanol fuel cell system, the heteropoly compound is used for oxidizing the methanol under the action of a catalyst in the intermediate reactor, the methanol energy is stored in a reduction-state heteropoly compound in forms of protons and electrons, then the reduction-stage heteropoly compound is separated and then is conveyed to an anode of the fuel cell to be oxidized for recycling, and the recycled heteropoly compound is sent to the intermediate reactor to react with the methanol so as to be recycled. The invention is suitable for power generation of a stationary electric power plant, or other portable and distributed power supply systems.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a Pd/Ag nano-alloy catalyst for a direct ethanol fuel cell. The method comprises steps as follows: alcohol is added to water in the volume ratio of alcohol to water being (3-7):1, the mixture is stirred and sequentially mixed with polyvinylpyrrolidone, a metal palladium chloride precursor, a metal silver salt precursor and sodium citrate, the mixture is stirred at the temperature of 20-25 DEG C for 1.5-2.5 h and reacts for 1.8-12 h under a light condition, centrifugal separation is performed, precipitates are collected, washed and dried, and the Pd/Ag nano-alloy catalyst can be obtained. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is taken as a stabilizer and a guiding agent, the Pd/Ag nano-alloy catalyst is synthesized in one step under a mild condition by the aid of the reducing action of alcohol and sodium citrate, the synthesis efficiency is improved, the yield is increased, besides, the morphology of the catalyst has controllability, the catalyst has better catalytic activity for ethanol and can be used for the direct ethanol fuel cell, the preparation process is simple, the production cycle is short, large-scale production is easy to realize, and the catalyst has good application prospects.

The present invention discloses a preparation method of an NiS2 catalyst with a high specific area. The method comprises the following steps of mixing and dispersing sodium sulfide and nickel chloride in a water solution, adjusting pH of the solution, stirring, heating by water, filtering, washing and stoving to obtain the NiS2 catalyst with high specific surface area. The specific surface area of the NiS2 catalyst prepared by the method can reach 215.8m<2>g<1>, so that high specific surface area is beneficial for improving the electrocatalysis performance of the catalyst for ethanol oxidization in a sodium hydroxide solution, and facilitates mass transfer. The raw material of the NiS2 catalyst is low-cost, the preparation method is simple, and the NiS2 catalyst is a novel high-performance catalyst directly used as the ethanol fuel battery anode.

A solid proton exchange membrane and a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) for use in fabricating an inexpensive and efficient proton exchange fuel cell (PEFC) which enables direct use of an organic fuel without a reformer and use of hydrogen gas. In particular, an electrochemical cell including a solid electrolyte membrane made of one or plural kinds of layered silicate minerals or intercalation compounds. The layered silicate minerals can be easily fabricated into a solid electrolyte membrane which shows a “molecular sieve effect” on the target fuel if the density and impregnated liquid contents are properly controlled. The catalyst can be selected from a wide range of candidate materials. The use of the layered silicate mineral allows to fabricate an inexpensive direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) and a realistic direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC). Furthermore, an energy-efficient PEFC using hydrogen gas can also be produced therefrom.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a direct ethanol fuel cell catalyst with a hollow structure. The method comprises the following steps: dissolving a stabilizer into deionized water to form a stable solution; adding the prepared platinum and nickel precursor solution to the solution; magnetically stirring the obtained solution for an hour, and then adding the treated carbon slurry; dropwise adding a reducing agent solution to the solution, and magnetically stirring the solutions for two hours; carrying out suction filtration on the obtained solution, controlling the drying temperature at 80 DEG C and drying the solution in vacuum for 6-10 hours; and finally carrying out dealloying treatment to obtain a catalyst. Compared with the prior art, the problem of poor stability of a Pt-Ni/C catalyst is solved; and the preparation method is simple in process, low in cost and obvious in effect of improving the stability of the catalyst.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a concave-cube PtLa alloy nanocrystalline catalyst. The preparation method includes: placing the mixed DES solution of H2PtCl6/La(NO3)3 with the concentration ratio being 10mM/1-10mM into an electrolytic tank, using glassy carbon electrode as the working electrode to perform electrochemical procedure square wave potential processing under 80 DEG C to obtain the concave-cube PtLa alloy nanocrystalline catalyst. The preparation method has the advantages that the simple and novel method for preparing the Pt-based rare-earth alloy nanocrystalline electrocatalyst for direct ethanol fuel batteries, the deep eutectic solvent (DES) is used as the medium for the first time, and the concave-cube PtLa alloy nanocrystalline catalyst which is uniform in form and size and has a high-index crystal face structure is prepared through the electrochemical procedure square wave potential method; the preparation method is simple in process and controllable in operation condition, the prepared nanocrystal is high in yield and alloying degree, the charge transfer interaction between Pt and La in the nanocrystalline catalyst is enhanced evidently, and electrocatalytic activity and stability of the concave-cube PtLa alloy nanocrystalline catalyst to ethanol oxidation are increased greatly.

The invention relates to a reduced-graphene-oxide-supported Ni@Pd core-shell-structure electrocatalyst and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of composite materials. The method comprises the following steps: preparing graphene oxide by a Hummers process; preparing a mixed solution from NiCl2 and GO, and reducing Ni<2+> by using NaBH4 to obtain a Ni simple substance and reduced graphene oxide (rGO); adding a H2PdCl4 solution, and carrying out Ni-Pd<2+> replacement reaction to obtain Pd; and coating the Pd onto the Ni surface to form a Ni@Pd core-shell structure, and supporting the Ni@Pd core-shell structure onto the rGO. The preparation method is simple in steps, and fully utilizes the raw materials. The product has the obvious and unique core-shell structure shape characteristics, and has favorable catalytic properties for ethanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction. When being directly used in ethanol fuel cell anode catalysis and cathode oxygen reduction reaction, the electrocatalyst has wide application prospects.

The invention discloses preparation and usage of cubic palladium nanoparticles carried by nanoribbon-shaped Cucurbit[6]uril. Cucurbit[6]uril is used as a nanoparticle stabilizer and a carrier, and cubic palladium nanoparticles serve as the active substance of a catalyst, can be used for a direct ethanol fuel cell catalyst, and belongs to the field of fuel cell catalyst. The cubic palladium nanoparticles are 5 to 7 nano in particle diameters, and have the advantages that the particle diameters of the particles are uniform, one-dimensional space distribution is achieved, the distribution is uniform, the catalytic activity is high, and the stability is good.

The present invention relates to fuel cell technology, and is especially one kind anode catalyst for proton exchange film type fuel cell to convert chemical energy into electric energy. When the catalyst is used in low temperature direct alcohol proton exchange film fuel cell, the low temperature fuel cell oxidizes alcohol directly into CO2 while releasing electrons to realize the high efficiency conversion from chemical energy to electric energy. The present invention adopts cheap tin for modulating noble metal catalyst platinum, and the direct alcohol fuel cell has obviously improved performance even if in case of reduced platinum anode carrying amount.

The invention relates to the direct ethanol fuel cell field, and especially relates to a copper oxide awl micro-level and nano-level array structure material, and a preparation method and an electrode apparatus thereof. The copper oxide awl micro-level and nano-level array structure material comprises a micro-level awl and a nano-level awl, the micro-level awl grows on the surface of a copper sheet, the nano-level awl grows on the surface of the micro-level awl, each of the surface of the copper sheet, the surface of the micro-level awl and the surface of the nano-level awl is provided with copper oxide, and the surface of copper oxide is covered with a perfluorosulfonic acid film. Compared with materials in the prior art, the copper oxide awl micro-level and nano-level array structure material has a platinum-like ethanol electrocatalytic property, and has the advantages of high catalytic activity, successful avoiding of the catalyst positioning phenomenon, and great reduction of the cost as an ethanol fuel cell anode catalyst.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a platinum-precious metal-copper ternary alloy nano hollow cube. The method takes sodium polyacrylate as a stabilizer and ascorbic acid as a reducing agent, a cuprous oxide nano cube is synthesized firstly, then the cuprous oxide nano cube serves as a template, potassium chloropalladite, precious metal salt (such as chloroauric acid, rhodium chlorideand iridium chloride) are subjected to galvanic displacement with cuprous oxide, and the platinum-precious metal-copper ternary alloy nano hollow cube with the regular shape, uniform size and good dispersibility and stability is obtained. The preparation method is simple and economic, the prepared platinum-precious metal-copper ternary alloy nano hollow cube has the excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability on the ethanol catalytic reaction, has the potential application prospect in the field of direct ethanol fuel cells, and is suitable for industrialized large-scale production.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a platinum-palladium nano-alloy anode material for high-performance ethanol catalysis. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding disodium tetrachloropalladate and chloroplatinic acid to a water solution of hexadecylpyridinium chloride, adding ascorbic acid, maintaining a certain temperature, and allowing the mixture to stand to obtain a platinum-palladium nano-particle sol stabilized by hexadecylpyridinium chloride micelles; cooling the platinum-palladium nano-particle sol, performing high speed centrifugation, repeatedly washing the obtained mixture with water to remove redundant hexadecylpyridinium chloride to obtain a platinum-palladium nano-particle solution; dispensing the platinum-palladium nano-particle solution on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode after polishing treatment, and carrying out cooling and drying to obtain the platinum-palladium nano-alloy anode material for high-performance ethanol catalysis. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method utilizes the hexadecylpyridinium chloride as a morphology guiding agent, nano-particles with different morphologies are synthetized through temperature control, and synthetic nano-clusters are large in superficial area and have relatively high catalytic performance and stability as an alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell catalyst.

The present invention aims to provide a solid proton exchange membrane and a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) for use in fabricating an inexpensive and efficient proton exchange fuel cell (PEFC) which enables direct use of an organic fuel without a reformer and use of hydrogen gas. In particular, the invention provides an electrochemical cell including a solid electrolyte membrane made of one or plural kinds of layered silicate minerals or the intercalation compounds. The layered silicate minerals can be easily fabricated into a solid electrolyte membrane which shows a 'molecular sieve effect' on the target fuel if the density and impregnated liquid contents are properly controlled. A composite membrane in which a catalyst is directly supported is also fabricated easily. Since the layered silicate mineral is an inorganic material, the fuel cell can be operated at high temperature. Thus, the catalyst can be selected from a wide range of candidate materials. The layered silicate minerals are abundant in nature and inexpensive. The use of the layered silicate mineral allows to fabricate an inexpensive direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) and a realistic direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC). Furthermore, an energy-efficient PEFC using hydrogen gas can also be produced therefrom.

The invention discloses a composite proton exchange membrane. The composite proton exchange membrane is formed by a sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol solution with sulfonation degree of 10%-25% and a mixedsolution of the polyamide acid through casting membrane-forming, and is a composite membrane prepared by taking the polyimide as the matrix and taking the sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol as the dopant.The preparation material is extensive in source, simple in preparation process, simple in instrument preparation, and reduces the membrane-making cost. The sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol and the polyimide are compounded so as to weaken the conductivity drop of the proton, effectively reduce the methanol permeability of the composite proton exchange membrane and improving the comprehensive performance of the proton exchange membrane. A problem that the high methanol permeability is existent since the Nafion membrane produced by the Dupont company is used for a direct methanol fuel battery is solved, and the proton conductivity can satisfy the requirement on the proton exchange membrane by the direct methanol fuel battery; the exchange membrane can be used for the direct methanol fuel battery,and can be used for the direct ethanol fuel battery and like alcohol fuel batteries.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a direct ethanol fuel cell anode catalyst, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cells. The preparation method is characterized in that glucose isused as a raw material for preparing carbon spheres used as a carrier, and manganese dioxide is loaded to replace part of platinum, and on that basis, the efficient and low-cost catalyst is prepared;and meanwhile, rare earth elements are doped, so that electrons are easily excited and transferred from a conduction band, thus oxygen vacancy is promoted to develop, and the oxygen vacancy concentration of the catalyst is greatly increased, and as a result, the ion conductivity is improved; in addition, the crystal size of the material is reduced due to low synthesizing temperature; the C-C breaking efficiency under low temperature is improved. According to the method, TiO2 and Pt are coordinated to improve the catalyzing performance of the catalyst; and meanwhile, a CO type intermediate product produced by ethanol oxidizing is easily transferred to the TiO2 nanoparticle surface to be oxidized; the catalyzing activity and stability of the catalyst are improved while the Pt content is decreased; and moreover, the initial potential of the ethanol starting to oxidize is reduced; high current density is obtained, and as a result, the fuel cell performance is improved.

The invention provides a positive electrode catalyst for a direct ethanol fuel cell and a preparation method for the positive electrode catalyst. The positive electrode catalyst is expressed as PtSn-ZrO<2>/GN, wherein the catalyst takes graphene (GN) as a carrier, and takes ZrO<2>-doped and partially-alloyed PtSn as an active component; the ZrO<2> is uniformly doped in the PtSn/GN; the PtSn-ZrO<2>/GN is used as the positive electrode catalyst for the direct ethanol fuel cell, the ethanol oxidization initial potential of the catalyst is lower than that of a corresponding unitary and binary catalyst, and the initial potential value is 0.14V; the stability is improved by 1-2 times compared with that of the Pt/GN; and the peak current density for catalyzing ethanol oxidization can reach 9-11mA.cm<-2>. The preparation method adopted by the invention is simple and easy to implement, so that industrial application can be realized easily; and according to the prepared PtSn-ZrO<2>/GN composite catalyst, the loading capacity of platinum is lowered, so that the cost of the catalyst is dramatically lowered.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a nitrogen doped platinum-nickel bimetallic catalyst for ethanol oxidation with a cubic structure. The method comprises the following steps: glucose, urea, nickel nitrate and a chloroplatinic acid solution are mixed in a beaker, the materials are prepared into an aqueous solution, drying is carried out, calcining is carried out in a high temperaturetubular furnace under a nitrogen atmosphere, an obtained sample is grinded into particle-free powder, and the platinum-nickel bimetallic catalyst is obtained. The nitrogen doped platinum-nickel bimetallic catalyst has excellent electrocatalytic oxidation activity for ethanol in a potassium hydroxide solution, stability is good, preparation cost is low, and the product is a novel high performance catalyst for direct ethanol fuel cell anode.

The invention relates to a preparation method of an irregularly-shaped direct ethanol fuel cell negative electrode support body material. The preparation method comprises the following steps of 1, placing nanometer tin powder and nanometer SiO2 particle in a stirring kettle, controlling a kettle temperature, and performing full and uniform mixing by mixing and stirring; and 2, mixing with phenolicresin powder in the stirring kettle according to a proportion so that the nanometer tin powder, the nanometer SiO2 particle and the phenolic resin are fully and uniformly mixed, carbonizing the mixedmixture, smashing to obtain a material being 5-30 micrometers, and preparing the negative electrode support body material after high-temperature graphitization on the material. The preparation methodhas the beneficial effects that the irregularly-shaped direct ethanol fuel cell negative electrode support body material can be manufactured, the negative electrode support body manufactured by the material has the characteristics of low shrinkage rate, small deformation quantity, high graphitization, high conductivity, good mechanical property and the like, the service lifetime is two or three times of that of a conventional negative electrode support body, and intermediate phase carbon microsphere and graphite also can be completely substituted by the irregularly-shaped direct ethanol fuelcell negative electrode support body material.

Disclosed herein is a direct carbon fuel cell in which a coal fuel is oxidized electrochemically so as to create electrons to cause the electrons to generate electricity by a voltage difference between two electrodes. Specifically, a membrane-electrode assembly for operating a low rank coal fuel, a direct carbon fuel cell including the same, and a method of preparing the same are provided.