The invention provides a characterization method and a characterization device for time-varying characteristics of mechanical properties of a
composite material in a curing process. The characterization method comprises the following steps: step 1, obtaining reaction
enthalpy released by complete curing of a to-be-detected prepreg with
unit mass; 2, obtaining multiple groups of compression samples and DSC samples; 3, curing the compression sample and the DSC sample at the same time by adopting a
composite material repairing instrument, terminating the curing process of each group of samples at different preset time, and recording the temperature T of each group of samples at the curing termination; step 4, for each group of samples, measuring the compression modulus of the compressed sample at the corresponding temperature T after the step 3 by using a mechanical testing
machine, and obtaining the curing degree of the DSC sample after the step 3; 5, according to the multiple sets of curing degrees and compression moduli, the moduli of the resin under the different curing degrees are obtained through
backstepping by means of the self-consistent field mesomechanics model, and then the time-varying characteristics of the
mechanical property of the
composite material in the curing process can be obtained. The characteristics that the composite material repairing instrument can safely and controllably terminate the composite material curing process at any time, the
mechanical property of the composite material in the thickness direction, the
compression test is easy to implement and the like are fully combined, and the problems that composite material mechanical samples are difficult to
machine and mechanical properties are difficult to measure under different curing degrees and different temperatures are solved; accurate measurement of the time-varying characteristic of the
mechanical property of the composite material is realized.