37 results about "Partial decomposition" patented technology

An apparatus for industrial wastewater treatment and the electrolytic recovery of metals from solutions is disclosed. It comprises two or more plates with electricity conducting surfaces arranged in parallel and separated by insulating gaskets, two heads and a hydraulic ram or other mechanical means to press the group of plates between the heads. Plates and gaskets pressed together form chambers where metal recovery and other electrochemical reactions take place. Holes bored on the plates or on the gaskets separating them allow the solutions to flow in and out of the chambers. The solutions in the chambers close the electrical circuit between the conducting surfaces of the plates and allow an electrical current to flow from one plate to the other closing also a circuit between the terminals of an electrical current source. The apparatus can be easily manufactured by retrofitting a conventional filter press to perform electrochemical reactions assisting in the separation and partial decomposition of anions and cations and the recovery of metals by electrolysis. The gaskets between plates may form channel-like chambers of intricate flow path creating a high turbulence that permits oxidation and reduction reactions as well as electrolytic metal recovery to effected at a wide range of current densities.

A method for preparing a substrate for detaching a layer by irradiation of the substrate with a light flux for heating a buried region of the substrate and bringing about decomposition of the material of that region to detach said detachment layer. The method includes fabricating an intermediate substrate including a first buried layer, and a second covering layer that covers all or part of the first layer, with the covering layer being substantially transparent to the light flux and with the buried layer formed by implantation of particles into the substrate, followed by absorbing the flux, and selectively and adiabatically irradiating a treated region of the buried layer until at least partial decomposition of the material constituting it ensues.

A process for the combined production of ammonia and urea of the type comprising an ammonia synthesis reactor (2), a urea synthesis reactor (5) and a urea recovery section (21) stands out for the fact of submitting at least a part of a flow comprising carbamate in aqueous solution coming from the urea recovery section (21) to a partial decomposition treatment, to obtain a flow comprising ammonia and carbon dioxide in vapor phase and a flow comprising diluted carbamate in aqueous solution, which is fed together with a gas flow comprising hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide, preferably obtained by hydrocarbons steam reforming, and a flow comprising ammonia coming from the ammonia synthesis reactor (2) to a carbamate synthesis section (3), where ammonia and carbon dioxide are caused to react, to obtain a flow comprising carbamate in aqueous solution and a gas flow comprising hydrogen and nitrogen. The flow comprising carbamate in aqueous solution is then sent to the urea synthesis reactor (5), while the gas flow comprising hydrogen and nitrogen is sent to the ammonia synthesis reactor (2).

The invention relates to a device for depositing especially crystalline layers on at least one especially crystalline substrate in a process chamber comprising a top and a vertically opposing heated bottom for receiving the substrates. A gas-admittance body forming vertically superimposed gas-admittance regions is used to separately introduce at least one first and one second gaseous starting material, said starting materials flowing through the process chamber with a carrier gas in the horizontal direction. The gas flow homogenises in an admittance region directly adjacent to the gas-admittance body, and the starting materials are at least partially decomposed, forming decomposition products which are deposited on the substrates in a growth region adjacent to the admittance region, under continuous depletion of the gas flow. An additional gas-admittance region of the gas-admittance body is essential for one of the two starting materials, in order to reduce the horizontal extension of the admittance region.

The present invention is related to a hydrocarbon oxidation process. The process comprises bringing one or more hydrocarbons into contact with a source of oxygen in the presence of a radical initiator and a catalyst. The catalyst comprises an organic metal complex located on a catalyst support, and is obtained by partial decomposition of the organic metal complex. For example, the process can be used to produce dimethyl carbonate from dimethoxy methane. The invention is also related to a partially decomposed catalyst that comprises a silica support and an organic metal complex, wherein at least 5% of the organic compound remains in the catalyst. The organic metal complex comprises an organic compound and a metal-based compound wherein the metal is selected from copper, nickel, and combinations thereof. The invention is also related to a process for manufacturing of a catalyst comprising mixing L-arginine, a Cu-based compound, water, and optionally another metal-based compound to form a solution; impregnating the solution onto a silica support to form a catalyst precursor; and partially decomposing the L-arginine to form the catalyst so that at least 5% of L-arginine remains in the catalyst.

Production of gasolines with low sulfur contents from a starting gasoline containing sulfur-containing compounds comprising a stage a) for selective hydrogenation of non-aromatic polyunsaturated compounds present in the starting gasoline, a stage b) for increasing the molecular weight of the light sulfur-containing products that are initially present in the gasoline that enters this stage, a stage c) for alkylation of at least a portion of the sulfur-containing compounds present in the product that originates from stage b), a stage d) for fractionation of the gasoline that originates from stage c) into at least two fractions, one fraction virtually lacking in sulfur-containing compounds, whereby the other contains a larger proportion of sulfur-containing compounds (heavy gasoline), a stage e) for catalytic treatment of the heavy gasoline for transformation of sulfur-containing compounds under conditions for the at least partial decomposition of hydrogenation of these sulfur-containing compounds.

A process for the combined production of ammonia and urea of the type comprising an ammonia synthesis reactor (2), a urea synthesis reactor (5) and a urea recovery section (21) stands out for the fact of submitting at least a part of a flow comprising carbamate in aqueous solution coming from the urea recovery section (21) to a partial decomposition treatment, to obtain a flow comprising ammonia and carbon dioxide in vapor phase and a flow comprising diluted carbamate in aqueous solution, which is fed together with a gas flow comprising hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide, preferably obtained by hydrocarbons steam reforming, and a flow comprising ammonia coming from the ammonia synthesis reactor (2) to a carbamate synthesis section (3), where ammonia and carbon dioxide are caused to react, to obtain a flow comprising carbamate in aqueous solution and a gas flow comprising hydrogen and nitrogen. The flow comprising carbamate in aqueous solution is then sent to the urea synthesis reactor (5), while the gas flow comprising hydrogen and nitrogen is sent to the ammonia synthesis reactor (2).

The invention relates to a process for preparing synthetic calcium fluoride (CaF2) (min 90 wt% CaF2) from fluosilicic acid. Said process includes the following steps: (a) reacting fluosilicic acid (H2SiFe) with ammonium hydroxide or ammonia in a first reactor (1) so as to obtain a first thick suspension, filtering said first suspension so as to obtain a filtrate containing an ammonium fluoride solution, (b) precipitating the ammonium fluoride solution, obtained in the form of a filtrate in step (a), with calcium carbonate in dry form or in the form of a suspension having a concentration of between 10 and 80 wt%, in a second reactor (3) so as to produce a second suspension containing the calcium fluoride and the ammonium carbonate, filtering said second suspension so as to obtain a filter cake containing calcium fluoride, and a filtrate containing an ammonia carbonate solution, washing and drying said filter cake so as to obtain calcium fluoride and a washing filter cake containing an ammonium hydroxide solution, wherein a portion of the second suspension, of from 10 to 70 wt%, is recycled to the second reactor (3) so as to enhance the crystallization of the calcium fluoride, changein most of the ammonia from the second reactor in step (b) due to partial decomposition of the ammonium carbonate under reactor conditions, then washing and sending said ammonia back into the first reactor, and collecting and treating, by means of distillation and condensation, the ammonium carbonate solutions obtained as filtrate and washing filter cake in step (b), so as to recover the liquid ammonia which is recycled to the first reactor (1).

The invention relates to a process for preparing synthetic calcium fluoride (CaF2) (min 90% CaF2 by weight) from fluosilicic acid, comprising the following steps:(a) reacting fluosilicic acid (H2SiF6) with ammonium hydroxide or ammonia in a first reactor so as to obtain a first slurry; filtering said first slurry so as to obtain a filtrate containing a solution of ammonium fluoride;(b) precipitating the solution of ammonium fluoride obtained as a filtrate in step (a) with calcium carbonate as a dry form or as a suspension at a concentration ranging from 10 to 80% by weight in a second reactor so as to produce a second slurry containing calcium fluoride and ammonium carbonate; filtering said second slurry so as to obtain a filter cake containing calcium fluoride and a filtrate containing a solution of ammonium carbonate; washing and drying said filter cake so as to obtain calcium fluoride and a filter cake washing containing a solution of ammonium carbonate; wherein a portion of the second slurry ranging from 10 to 70% is recycled to the second reactor (3) so as to enhance calcium fluoride crystallization;(c) evolving the major part of ammonia from the second reactor (3) in step (b) because of the partial decomposition of ammonium carbonate under reactor conditions and then scrubbing and returning said ammonia to the first reactor, and gathering and treating by distillation and condensation both ammonium carbonate solutions obtained as the filtrate and the filter cake washing in step (b) to recover liquid ammonia which is recycled to the first reactor (1).

An antibacterial agent showing a high affinity for Helicobactor pyroli and having an antibacterial effect specific to H. Pyroli. The agent has a chemical structure wherein an antibacterial substance is bonded to a sulfated polysaccharide or an oligosaccharide prepared by partial decomposition of the sulfated polysaccharide. Preferable embodiments are those having the chemical structure represented by Y—OCH(AH2NHR)n or Y—BH2NHR, wherein Y represents a sulfated polysaccharide or an oligosaccharide prepared by partial decomposition of the sulfated polysaccharide; A a carbon derived from aldehyde group occurring through the reduction of the reduced end sugar of Y and subsequent oxidation of the resulting product with an oxidant; B a carbon derived from the aldehyde group at the reduced end sugar of Y; R an antibacterial substance with a primary amino group or with an amino group introduced therein or represents an antibacterial substance derivative prepared by bonding an antibacterial substance through a spacer to the carbon A or the carbon B; and n=1 or 2.

The invention discloses a synthesis method of (2S, 3S, 4S)-5-(3, 4-diamino-thiophane-2-group) valeric acid, while prior method has long reaction and partial decomposition of product in reaction caused by concentrated halogen acid, to affect the quality of d-biotin. The invention processes reflux reaction on diethyl malonate condensate, cyano compound or bis-benzyl biotin in halogen acid, adds glacial acetic acid later, refluxes until no single-benzyl biotin and d-biotin exist in product, concentrates to remove unreacted halogen acid and glacial acetic acid, adds absolute ethyl alcohol, freezes to 0-5DEG C, adds lithium hydrate to neutralize and precipitate white solid crystals, filters, poaches filter cake via absolute ethyl alcohol, and dries to obtain target product. The invention has short reaction and controllable reaction end, which leads glacial acetic acid in later reaction to effectively avoid diamino acid being decomposed in concentrated halogen acid, to improve product yieldand content.

The invention belongs to the technical field of marine natural gas hydrate exploitation and seawater desalination, and relates to a marine natural gas hydrate exploitation method combined to a pressure-reduced water flow erosion method. Based on influences of water flowing to stable existing of hydrate, a marine natural gas hydrate exploitation method combined to the pressure-reduced water flow erosion method is provided by decomposition of the hydrate due to chemical potential difference between a hydrate phase and an environment water phase in a water flowing process and influences of the water flowing speed to hydrate decomposition speed and through a pressure-reduced exploitation method. By the method, preliminary partial decomposition of the hydrate of a reservoir is implemented by pressure-reduced exploitation at first, the permeability of a peripheral region of the reservoir is improved, decomposition gas controls pressure difference of the reservoir to implement continuous water flowing in a hydrate exploitation process, and step-by-step stable and efficient decomposition of the hydrate is realized by control over the water flowing speed. The method is easy to implement, and large-scale commercial exploitation of the hydrate is realized favorably.

The present invention provides a heat conduction device included crucible, which includes: a crucible body and a heat conduction device arranged in the crucible body. The heat conduction device has a tree-like configuration, which includes a heat-dissipative trunk and multiple levels of heat dissipative branches mounted to the heat-dissipative trunk. Each level of the heat dissipative branches includes a plurality of branch units and the branch units are arranged to project out from an outer surface of the heat-dissipative trunk. The heat conduction device included crucible of the present invention uses the tree-like heat conduction device arranged in the crucible body to transfer heat in every direction within the crucible body so that during a vapor deposition operation, an organic material received in the crucible body can be heated uniformly thereby avoiding the phenomenon of partial decomposition of the organic material occurring in the prior art technique due to non-uniform heating of the organic material and thus effectively improving the vapor deposition efficiency and vapor deposition performance.

The invention relates to the technical field of finish machining of cement production, and in particular relates to a method for calcination treatment of a cement raw material. The method comprises the following steps: 1, preheating the raw material, namely filling a preheater with the raw material to finish preheating and partial decomposition of the raw material by virtue of the preheater; 2, calcining a clinker, namely filling a rotary kiln with the preheated raw material for calcination; 3, cooling the clinker; and 4, grinding the clinker, namely grinding the cement clinker (together with a gelling agent, a performance adjusting material and the like) to an appropriate particle size (represented by fineness, specific area and the like) to form a certain grain composition, increase the hydration area of the clinker, accelerate hydration, and meet requirements of coagulation and solidification of a cement paste. The method is novel in design, reasonably makes use of advantages of equipment, reduces resource waste during clinker calcination, and meanwhile ensures the quality of cement calcination and is more safe and reliable.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a substrate (1) with the purpose of detaching a layer, called the detachment layer, from said substrate by irradiation of the substrate with a light flux (F) for heating a buried region of the substrate and bringing about decomposition of the material of that region to detach said detachment layer, characterized by the fact that it comprises the steps consisting of: a) fabricating an intermediate substrate including a first layer (2) called the buried layer, and a second layer (4) called the covering layer, wherein the second layer (4) covers all or part of the first layer (2), the covering layer (4) is substantially transparent to said light flux (F), and the buried layer (2) which is formed by implantation of particles into the substrate can absorb said flux (F) for its part, and b) selectively and adiabatically irradiating a region called the treated region of the buried layer (2) until at least partial decomposition of the material constituting it ensues.

A method of demilitarizing an energetic is disclosed. The method comprises indirectly heating the energetic in a chamber to a temperature below a combustion temperature of the energetic to at least partially decompose the energetic and substantially preclude combustion of the energetic such that the indirect heating produces a decomposition gas, and separating at least a portion of the decomposition gas from the chamber. The method may further comprise monitoring the decomposition gas and / or passing the separated decomposition gas through an air abatement system. The method may further comprise adjusting at least one of the following: the indirect heating of the energetic, the separating of the decomposition gas, the air abatement system, and a residence time of the energetic in the chamber. The energetic may be a bulk energetic.

The invention discloses a boiler performance index analysis method based on partial incremental factor decomposition, which includes the following steps: (1) determining the small operation index that affects the boiler thermal efficiency according to the reverse equilibrium thermal efficiency calculation method. (2) Use the analytical theory of full increment and partial increment of functions in mathematical analysis, and use the method of factor decomposition to deduce the degree of influence of each factor on the full increment. (3) Establish a calculation model of boiler performance index inverse balance and partial increment, and use this model to analyze the influence degree of each small operating index on the boiler performance index. The method of the present invention is simple and easy to implement, easy to program, can know the process parameters when the boiler deviates from the optimal working condition in real time, quantitatively understand and grasp the influence direction and degree of influence of the change of each small index on the boiler performance index, and help the operating personnel to target the target It can deal with the weak link of boiler operation accurately, so that the boiler can always operate in the best condition.

The present invention provides a soybean saponin composition with high in vivo absorption properties. The soy saponol composition of the present invention contains soy saponol B and 3-O-D-glucopyranosyl soy saponol B. The weight ratio (B / A) of the 3-O-D-glucopyranosyl soy saponol B to the soy saponol B is in the range of 0.001 to 10. The composition can be prepared by partially decomposing sugar chain residues of group B soybean saponin glycosides with acid.