The invention discloses a device for preparing a 3D printing oriented steel 
fiber reinforced 
cement-based 
composite material. The device comprises a motor, a linkage gear set, a primary steel 
fiber orientation unit, a secondary steel 
fiber orientation unit, a material conveying hopper and an auxiliary vibrator, wherein the linkage gear set comprises a driving gear and a driven gear; the primary steel 
fiber orientation unit comprises a steel fiber hopper, push type stirring blades, a rotating vertical shaft, 
propeller blades and a vertical rod; the material conveying hopper comprises a 
material storage bin, an 
extrusion pipe and an 
extrusion opening; and the secondary steel 
fiber orientation unit is a cylindrical permanent 
magnet. According to the device, directional distribution of steel fibers in the 3D printing steel fiber reinforced 
cement-based 
composite material in the printing direction is achieved, the steel fibers are distributed more evenly, the reinforcing effect of the steel fibers is fully achieved, the technical problems of material 
extrusion smoothness, printing material compactness, fiber protrusion on the surface of a printing test piece and the like during 3D printing of the 
composite material are solved, and the structural 
mechanical property of the composite material is improved.