The invention relates to a pelletizing and calcination method for vanadium-containing stone coal ash. The equipment adopted by the method includes a moving-bed calcinator, which comprises a vertical furnace body, a chimney, a clinker discharger and a fan. The method includes the following steps that: NaCl, CaF2 and CaCO3 are prepared into complex additive, vanadium-containing stone coal, the complex additive and anthracite or stone coal as fuel needed by calcination are mixed into mixture material, the mixture material is uniformly mixed, fine-ground and pelletized into raw pellets, the raw pellets are fed into the furnace body via a feeder on the top of the furnace body, meanwhile, the fan blows the air into the furnace body via the clinker discharger on the bottom of the furnace body, the raw pellets and the air are calcined and reversely flow under the internal temperature condition of 800 DEG C to 900 DEG C, the calcined material enters the clinker discharger and is discharged out of the furnace body via the clinker discharger, and after cooling, clinker for the leaching of V2O5 is produced; and after calcination, the air is exhausted out via the chimney on the top of the furnace body. The technique and the equipment adopted by the method are relatively simple, the heat utilization rate is high, the product quality is stable, and the production cost is low.