The invention discloses a connection structure and an installation method of a box-shaped steel column and an unequal-height I-shaped steel beam. The connection structure comprises the box-shaped steel column, a high-side I-shaped steel, a low-side I-shaped steel, a horizontal top plate, a triangular plate, a second beam end plate, a second U-shaped steel, a angle steel, a first bolt, a second bolt, a first beam end plate and a first U-shaped steel. The connection joint of the box-shaped steel column and the unequal-height I-shaped steel beam can not only give full play to the advantages of the combined structure but also meet the requirements of aesthetics and functions, and can also improve the construction speed; moreover, the joint has larger ductility and deformation capacity, the construction quality and safety are guaranteed, the connection joint of the box-shaped steel column and the unequal-height I-shaped steel beam can be widely applied to various building structures, and the development of the building industry is greatly promoted.