The invention discloses a three-stage
phase change heat exchanger, and is used for heat dissipation of a high-
power component with ultrahigh
heat flux. The
heat exchanger comprises a
heat exchanger main body, a cooling liquid
nozzle and a supporting structure of the cooling liquid
nozzle, wherein the heat exchanger main body comprises a
metal harmonica- shaped tube, a
metal or
alloy solid-
liquid phase change material cavity, an expansion heat dissipation surface outside the cavity and two end heads; and the cooling liquid
nozzle and the supporting structure thereof comprise a supporting structure and a nozzle or a nozzle array. A
refrigerant fluid working medium flows into the
metal harmonica-shaped tube through the end head and absorbs heat led in from the lower wall surface of the harmonica-shaped tube, and a vaporized
refrigerant flows out from the other end head of the metal harmonica-shaped tube. When the heat production is drastically increased, the metal or
alloy solid material in the cavity is subjected to
solid-
liquid phase change, meanwhile, the nozzle at the top sprays atomized cooling (insulating) liquid, and the atomized cooling (insulating) liquid is in contact with the upper surface of a heat dissipation shell and absorbs heat to be vaporized; and extra instantaneous large
heat flow heat is absorbed through two
phase change latent heat of metal or
alloy solid-
liquid phase change and cooling liquid spray liquid-
gas phase change, and it is guaranteed that the temperature of a high-
power component is maintained within a certain range to work normally.