The invention relates to a manufacturing method and manufacturing equipment of an optical fiber prefabricated rod, belongs to the field of manufacturing of an optical fiber prefabricated rod, and in particular relates to the method and the equipment which are used for collecting the surface temperature of a powder rod head by utilizing the infrared thermal imaging technology and participate in the controlling of the gas flow. By utilizing the method, the gas flow can be adjusted in real time, so that the density of the powder rod can be controlled accurately; and thus the cracking of the powder rod, caused by the large density gradient, is avoided. Therefore, the product quality is improved. The equipment comprises a tower body, a prefabricated rod depositing cavity body, a motor 1, a motor 2, a clamping disk, a lead screw, a metal hanging rod, a guiding rail, a quartz cavity body, a quartz target rod, a quartz spraying lamp 1, a quartz spraying lamp 2, a SiCl4 raw material tank, a GeCl4 material jar, a liquid Ar storage tank, a liquid O2 storage tank, a H2 storage tank, a gas control cabinet, an electromagnetic valve 1, an electromagnetic valve 2, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a thermal infrared imager, an exhaust duct, a front treating tower, an electric dust-removing tower and a washing tower.