The invention discloses a time-varying radiation heat flow experiment system and measurement method based on distance control, and relates to an experiment device and a test system capable of realizing time-varying radiation heat flow (time-varying heat flow). The experiment system comprises a radiation source, a radiation source bearing frame, a radiation source moving bracket, a radiation sourcecontroller, a controller, a driver, a direct-current power supply and an experiment table base. The radiation source moving bracket adopts a guide rail sliding table. A guide rail sliding block is arranged on the guide rail sliding table. A radiation source bearing frame is installed on the guide rail sliding block, and a radiation source is fixedly installed below the radiation source bearing frame. A fixing frame is installed on the lower portion of the guide rail sliding block, a baffle rotating rod is installed on the fixing frame through a bolt, the baffle rotating rod is fixedly connected with a baffle, the baffle is located under the radiation source, and the motor is installed above the guide rail sliding table and drives the lead screw to rotate. The controller and the direct-current power supply are respectively connected with the driver, and the driver is connected with the motor. The direct-current power supply provides power for the motor. The radiation source controlleris connected with the radiation source.