The invention discloses a novel pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating the anthracnose of citrus. The novel pharmaceutical composition is prepared from the following raw materials: herba portulacae, folium artemisiae argyi, tea tree leaves, pyrethrum, mangnolia officinalis, melia azedarach, angled bittersweet, ailanthus, asparagus lettuce, mint, castor, potassium salt, phosphor salt, nitrogen salt, calcium salt, magnesium salt, iodine salt, boron salt, molybdenum salt, zinc salt, manganese salt, copper salt, iron salt, vitamins, amino acid, indolebutyric acid, gibberellins, 6-benzylaminopurine, naphthylacetic acid, agar, kinetin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium methylene bis-naphthalene sulfonate, a Dupont EEA2112AC compatilizer, earthworm powder, alkyl potassium sulfate, acrylate, epoxypropoxy propyl trimethoxy silane, carrageenan and ethanol. According to the novel pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating the anthracnose of the citrus, the yield and the sugar content can be increased, the citrus is good in taste, mellow and full in surface colors and high in quality, and the use effect is superior to that of a conventional pharmaceutical composition.