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This invention belongs to the field of plant-derived pesticide technology, specifically relating to a method for preparing a juglone microemulsion and its insecticidal activity. The juglone microemulsion comprises juglone, an oil phase, an emulsifier, a co-emulsifier, and water, with the following mass percentage composition: juglone: ​​2.5–10%, oil phase: 5–25%, emulsifier: 5–15%, co-emulsifier: 5–35%, and the balance being water. The mass ratio of the emulsifier to the co-emulsifier is 1:0.5–1:3. The juglone microemulsion of this invention uses plant-derived juglone as the main active ingredient. The prepared juglone microemulsion is an O / W type microemulsion, a clear, stable brown liquid, which can be diluted and directly sprayed onto the leaves of crops to kill and repel insects.