The invention relates to a preparation method of one-dimensional Fe3O4 nanoneedle material provided with a modulated structure. The preparation method of the one-dimensional Fe3O4 nanoneedle material provided with the modulated structured is characterized in that the preparation method comprises the steps that firstly, ferrous chloride, boric acid, saccharin and sodium fluoride are dissolved into distilled water, and then the pH value is adjusted to 2.0 by dripping weak sulphuric acid or sodium hydroxide solution to be prepared into electrolyzed solution to be positioned in a hull cell; 380 g of ferrous chloride, 20 g of boric acid, 5 g of saccharin and 2.5 g of sodium fluoride are prepared in the electrolyzed solution per liter; secondly, the pulse galvanic depositing technology is adopted, and the pulse galvanic depositing parameter with output pulse frequency f of 50 to 500 Hz, duty factor r of 5 to 50 percent, positive pulse operating current of 0.3 to 0.5 A and negative operating current of 0.1 to 0.3A is adopted; a conductive metal base plate is positioned in the hull cell, the pulse galvanic depositing is lasted for 3 to 20 minutes, and a layer of nanocrystalline Fe thin film is electrically deposited on the surface of the conductive metal base plate; thirdly, the nanocrystalline Fe thin film is heated for 0.5 to 3 hours at 900 DEG C, to obtain the one-dimensional Fe3O4 nanoneedle material provided with t modulated structure. The method has the advantages that the process is simple, the controllable degree is high, the preparation method conforms to the environment requirement, and the cost is low.