59results about How to "Increase heat of combustion" patented technology

A method for operating an engine having at least a first and second cylinder [group], the first cylinder having a first electrically actuated valve and the second cylinder having a second electrically actuated valve, comprising of operating the first cylinder with a spark timing more retarded than a spark timing of a second cylinder, where during said operation, said first cylinder operates with a first operation of said first electrically actuated valve and said second cylinder operates with a second operation of said second electrically actuated valve, where said first operation is different from said second operation.

According to the invention, metal hydride and an oxidizing agent are mixed, and under the action of an adhesive, the mixture is granulated to prepare a high-heat mixed explosive. The explosive contains the following components, by mass, 50-80% of cyclonite (RDX) and octogen (HMX) or hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), 10-25% of an oxidizing agent, 10-25% of metal hydride and 1.0-5% of a binder. According to the invention, metal hydride is added into the explosive for the first time so as to obtain the high-heat high-power explosive with the value of explosion heat being 14000-22000kJ/kg. The explosive has excellent sensitivity, and storage life of the explosive reaches 30 years. The explosive is suitable for charge by using press-fitting technology.

The invention discloses a ferrocene triazole ionic-type nitrogen-enriched energetic metal complex and a preparation method thereof. The ferrocene triazole ionic-type nitrogen-enriched energetic metalcomplex adopts a structural formula as follows: FORMULA, wherein M represents Cu<2+> or Zn<2+>, L is 1, 1, 3, 3-tetracyanoacrylate ion, picrate ion or trinitroresorcinate ion, and n is 1 or 2. The ferrocene triazole ionic-type nitrogen-enriched energetic metal complex is high in nitrogen content; through introduction of carbon-nitrogen double bonds, the conjugacy of a whole system is increased; the ferrocene triazole ionic-type nitrogen-enriched energetic metal complex is unlikely to volatilize under a natural condition, is good in thermal stability, has relatively high formation heat and combustion heat and extremely low vapor pressure and volatility, and has relatively good combustion catalyzing effect on main components, namely ammonium perchlorate and hexogen, of a composite solid propellant. The preparation method of the ferrocene triazole ionic-type nitrogen-enriched energetic metal complex preparation method is simple, the cost is low, the yield is high, and the defects that theexisting ferrocene-type combustion catalyst synthesizing process is cumbersome, the cost is high, the synthesis period is long and the like are overcome.

Colloidal coal-in-water slurries having nano-particles of coal creating a pseudo-fluid. The colloidal coal-in-water slurry generally includes from about fifty to about seventy two weight percent of coal, with about 20 to about 80 percent of the coal having a particle size of about one micron or less with a mode particle size of about 250 nanometers. The coal-in-water slurry can also include a surfactant system containing one surfactant or mixtures of two or more surfactants, or mixtures of one or more surfactants and an inorganic or organic salt. The coal-in-water slurry can be used in low NOx burner applications as the main fuel and/or the reburn fuel, in gasification processes as the input fuel either alone, or in combination with organic materials, in gas turbine applications, and in diesel engine applications.

The invention discloses a hydrogen generator set. The hydrogen generator set comprises a generator body which comprises an energy supply system, an energy transduction system and a control unit. The energy supply system comprises a hydrogen supply unit and a fuel gas injection valve connected with the hydrogen supply unit. The energy transduction system comprises an air filter and a plurality of sensors connected with the air filter. The control unit is composed of an electronic control unit (ECU). The sensors comprise the intake air temperature and pressure sensor, the water temperature sensor, the crankshaft position sensor, the oxygen sensor and the phase sensor. Hydrogen is effectively used as energy, the product of combustion is water and no pollution is caused; the quantity of heat of combustion is high and more heat is released; hydrogen has extensive sources and is renewable; the defects that hydrogen is low in density and high in flow speed are overcome, the hydrogen generator set effectively protects an engine against backfire, damage to components is avoided, and energy conservation and environmental protection are effectively achieved.

The invention discloses a fatty ether-based burning rate catalyst containing a ferrocenylmethyl-1,2,3-triazole group, and a preparation method thereof. The structural formula of the burning rate catalyst is as described in the specification. In the formula, R1 to R4 independently represent -H, -OR and -CH<2>OR, and at least one of R1 to R4 represents -OR or -CH<2>OR; R5 to R7 independently represent -R or -CH<2>CH<2>OR, and at least one of R5 to R7 represents -CH<2>CH<2>OR; and R represents a ferrocenylmethyl-1,2,3-triazole group. According to the fatty ether-based burning rate catalyst, introduced oxygen atoms allows hydrogen bonds to be easily formed in molecules, so the compound is not easy to migrate and volatilize under natural conditions, and has good thermal stability; and nitrogen-rich groups have high formation heat and combustion heat, increases an energy level when applied to a solid propellant, and has good combustion catalysis effect on main components including ammonium perchlorate and hexogen.

The present invention provides a catalyst including a mesoporous silica nanoparticle and a catalytic material comprising iron. In various embodiments, the present invention provides methods of using and making the catalyst. In some examples, the catalyst can be used to hydrotreat fatty acids or to selectively remove fatty acids from feedstocks.

The invention discloses a ferricinium ion type high-nitrogen metal complex and a preparation method thereof. The structural formula of the complex is as shown in the description; and in the formula, M represents any one of Mn<2+>, Co<2+>, Cu<2+>, Ni<2+> and Pb<2+>, X represents C or N, and L represents picrate or trinitroresorcin divalent anion, wherein n is equal to 2 when the L represents the picrate, and n is equal to 1 when L represents the trinitroresorcin divalent anion. Metal ions are introduced into the complex provided by the invention, so the anti-mobility of the complex is improved and the volatility of the complex is reduced; the introduced ligand and polynitrophenol anion have high formation heat and combustion heat, so the combustion catalyst performance of the complex on the thermal decomposition process of ammonium perchlorate is improved; and the preparation method of the complex provided by the invention is simple.

The invention relates to a synthesis method of metal deuterium storage material AlD3 powder, and in particular relates to a synthesis method of AlD3, aiming at solving the technical problems that the existing synthesis method of AlH3 is strict for test operation requirements, the synthesized AlH3 is low in hydrogen storage content, and similar metal deuterium compounds are low in deuterium storage content and energy supply. The synthesis method comprises the following steps of: under the anhydrous condition, mixing AlCl3 with absolute ether solution of LiAlD4; then, adding a crystallization additive LiBH4 into the mixed solution; and drying under the vacuum condition to obtain the product AlD3. The synthesis method is simple in operation method; and the synthesized AlD3 powder is single in crystal form, high in deuterium storage content (about 15-20%) and more in energy supply, thus being an ideal metal deuterium storage material of high-energy solid propellants, solid-liquid hybrid propellants, composite propellants and the like, and being applied to fields of rocket propellants and scientific research.

The invention relates to a solid cloud detonation explosive, which consists of the following components by weight: 5%-15% of solid hydrocarbon fuel; 25%-65% of metal fuel; 5%-50% of a sensitizer; and10%-30% of ammonium perchlorate. The invention overcomes the problem of low energy density in solid cloud detonation explosives in the prior art, and a novel tensile ring-containing solid hydrocarboncompound characterized by easy volatilization and high density and calorific value is added to substitute isopropyl nitrate, epoxy and high polymer fuels with low combustion calorific value, thus realizing stronger power of the cloud detonation agent. Under the circumstance of a limited warhead volume, the solid cloud detonation explosive provided by the invention can effectively increase the carried energy, realize miniaturization of missiles, and improve the maneuverability and penetration capability. Compared with the previously used fuels, the volume of cloud mist formed by unit mass of the cloud detonation explosive adopting the high-density hydrocarbon compound is larger, the coverage area of the cloud mist area can be significantly expanded, and enhance the lethality of the warheadcan be strengthened.

The invention discloses a composite oil phase for a powdery ammonium nitrate explosive, which is characterized in that the composite oil phase is prepared from the following raw materials in part by weight: 1,000 to 1,100 parts of compound wax, 500 to 550 parts of Vaseline, 700 to 820 parts of S-80 emulsifier and 240 to 290 parts of lecithin. The composite oil phase overcomes the difficulties of complex production process, huge equipment investment and high production cost in the modification of the surface or interior of ammonium nitrate in the conventional powdery ammonium nitrate explosive, and improves the explosion properties of the explosive by sensitizing and modifying the ammonium nitrate.

The invention discloses an explosive, and particularly relates to a high-energy mixed explosive containing metal, in particular to a high-energy mixed explosive prepared by using titanium powder as an additive and a preparation method of the high-energy mixed explosive. The high-energy mixed explosive is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 10 to 25 parts of titanium powder, 2 to 8 parts of coating agent and 72 to 82 parts of matrix explosive. The thermal stability of titanium is good, the melting point of the titanium is 1660+/-10 DEG C, and the boiling point of the titanium is 3287 DEG C. Metallic titanium has excessively-strong reducing capacity in a high-temperature environment, can be chemically combined with oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and other multiple elements, and also can strip oxygen from partial metal oxides (such as aluminum oxide). Explosive detonation is a superhigh-temperature and high-pressure process, while coated titanium powder is high-energy fuel, mainly participates in a combustion reaction after a C-J surface in the explosive detonation process, generates a secondary reaction with a detonation product to release a large amount of heat, can provide subsequent energy for shock wave and delays the attenuation of the impact wave, so that the explosion performance of the explosive is remarkably improved.

An apparatus is used to stir and mix water with oil and simultaneously form small water-in-oil molecular clusters in the process of producing emulsion fuel. The apparatus includes a stirring tank and a stirring device located in the tank. The stirring device includes a rotary shaft and at least two axially extended blades connected to the rotary shaft. The blades respectively have a plurality of evenly distributed perforations formed thereon. When the blades rotate, the water and oil in the tank are continuously cut due to the perforations to thereby become evenly mixed with each other. Tourmaline stones or other power stones, collectively referred to as the tourmaline stones herein, are positioned in the stirring tank to electrolyze the water and form small water molecular clusters. The tourmaline stones also cause the water to contain rich amount of anionic surfactants, which emulsify the oil-water fuel to thereby form emulsion fuel.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a fuel from extruded and soft straws, and belongs to the field of processing of biomass fuels. The method comprises the following steps: ultrasonic immersion and hot rolling pretreatment, grinding pre-crushing, semi-anaerobic baking secondary treatment and ultrafine crushing of the extruded and soft straws; addition of illegal cooking oil, activated sludge and kelp slurry as an adhesive; high-speed of the adhesive and obtained crushed straw particles; and compression molding using gradual pressure increase cold compression. The prepare biomass fuel has the advantages of smooth surface, strong adhesion, improved combustion heat and improved combustion quality.

The invention discloses a novel preparation method of spinel type composite oxide MnCo2O4. The novel preparation method specifically comprises the following operation steps: S1, grinding raw materials; S2, mixing and grinding the raw materials; S3, preparing a combustion improver; S4, mixing the combustion improver; S5, heating in a drying oven; S6, performing solid-phase forming on a semi-finished product; and S7, performing an evaluation experiment. Compared with other methods, the method has the advantages that glucose is used as fuel, and a large amount of heat released by combustion is beneficial to reducing the roasting temperature and avoiding sintering, so that the activity of the catalyst is improved; according to the spontaneous combustion method disclosed by the invention, relatively cheap glucose is adopted as fuel and is rarely reported at present; and compared with other fuels such as glycine and urea, the combustion heat is large, the reaction is facilitated, the roasting temperature is low, the product particle size is small, and the activity of the synthesized MnCo2O4 spinel type composite oxide catalyst is high.

The invention relates to a solid propellant and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a solid propellant containing a bimetallic oxide combustion accelerator and a preparation method of the solid propellant. The invention aims to solve the problem that an existing solid propellant difficultly meets the requirements of high combustion speed and high energy release. The solid propellant containing a bimetallic oxide combustion accelerator is composed of the bimetallic oxide combustion accelerator, an oxidizing agent, a metal fuel, an adhesive, a curing agent and a plasticizer. The method comprises the following steps: 1, weighing; 2, premixing; 3, pouring; 4, curing; and 5, chemical cutting. The invention is used for the solid propellant containing the bimetallic oxide combustion accelerator and the preparation of the solid propellant.

The invention discloses a novel MGG gas generating agent, which comprises a first agent and a second agent, wherein the first agent comprises 60-70 parts of ammonium nitrate and 30-40 parts of shellacsolvent, and the second agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 67-70 parts of potassium nitrate, 13-20 parts of boron powder and 0.7-10 parts of phenolic resin; wherein the mass ratio of the first medicament to the second medicament is 8:2, and the particle size of the first medicament and the second medicament is 20-40 meshes. The gas generating agent is stable in combustionand free of residues, the safety coefficient is improved, and the gas generating agent has the advantages of being good in flame sensitivity, high in combustion speed, high in combustion heat, low intoxicity and the like.