The invention discloses a heat treatment method for obtaining a high-toughness and high-damage-tolerance double-phase titanium alloy. The heat treatment method comprises the following steps of high-temperature annealing treatment, specifically, keeping the temperature for 0.1-2 hours at T1 temperature, reasonably controlling the cooling speed, preferably, controlling the temperature range from T1 to T-200 DEG C to be 2-50 DEG C/s, controlling the value range of T1 between Tbeta10 DEG C and T, controlling the value range of T between Tbeta10 DEG C and T, controlling the value range of T between Tbeta10 DEG C and T, wherein T is the beta transformation temperature of the double-phase titanium alloy. According to the method, the toughness and the damage tolerance performance of the double-phase titanium alloy are improved by controlling the heat treatment temperature and the cooling speed. The method can be used for the two-phase titanium alloy with two structures under the room temperature conditions of TC11, TA15, TC4, TC17, TC18 and the like, is not limited by the original manufacturing process of the titanium alloy, and is suitable for forge pieces, castings, welding pieces and additive manufacturing pieces of the two-phase titanium alloy.