The invention discloses a production method of oxygen-free high-purity cadmium powder, which comprises the following steps of putting a cadmium metal material into a sublimation furnace evaporation tank, sealing a feed port of the sublimation furnace evaporation tank, filling protective gas into a condenser, exhausting air in the evaporation tank, the condenser and a material collector, and continuously filling the protective gas in the subsequent production process; then starting the sublimation furnace evaporation tank, the condenser and an exhaust fan, heating the cadmium metal material to sublimate cadmium metal, and enabling a generated cadmium metal gas-liquid mixture to enter the condenser, cooled and solidified into powder and fall into the material collector. The production method is easy to operate, high in flexibility, high in production efficiency, free of pollution, less in energy waste, low in cost, high in equipment and raw material utilization rate, capable of automatically and continuously operating, less in needed manual operation after operation and good in operation safety, and the oxygen-free high-purity cadmium powder which is good in quality uniformity, high in purity and good in quality can be prepared.